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The Man Behind America's Sweet Tooth, Milton Hershey

Our American Stories / Lee Habeeb
The Cross Radio
October 3, 2022 3:00 am

The Man Behind America's Sweet Tooth, Milton Hershey

Our American Stories / Lee Habeeb

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October 3, 2022 3:00 am

On this episode of Our American Stories, an American candy store in 1900 looked very different than it does today. Candy was a special treat sold almost exclusively in candy stores. Chocolate was sold in Europe and only a very few affluent Americans had ever tried it. Here to tell the story is Don Papson, President and Executive Director at The M.S. Hershey Foundation and Amy Zeigler, Sr. Director of The Hershey Story Museum.

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He was never afraid to take a risk, but unfortunately that resulted in his family having a very kind of disjointed life. Milton Hershey attended eight or nine different one-room school houses over the course of six years and he said that he only had the equivalent of a fourth-grade education so it was a difficult time for him. He had a younger sister named Serena who was born when he was six years old and she died when he was 10 at the age of four, and so his parents who already had kind of a strained relationship because of their really different personalities stopped while he became an apprentice when he was 14 and at that point, his father moved out and they never lived together again. His parents, his first job was actually an apprenticeship that Henry, his father secured for him. Working for a German newspaper and I think that he got a job because it was something that he would've liked to have done.

Henry was big into reading left education of reading about the news learning new things and Milton really did not like that work. It's always been said that he threw his hat into the printing press and try to make it look like an accident, so that he could get fired.

Which he did very quickly. He did not work for very long so it was then that his mother signed him up to be apprentice with confectioner in nearby Lancaster County, and that's where he learned how to make candy between the ages of 14 and 18 I find interesting because she was very focused on hard work and learning a skill and she wanted to also make sure that he learned how to do something that he would enjoy and not force him into a job that wasn't something that was meant for him right for him, which is kind of what his father did at that point. No chocolate was not something that you could just walk into a store and buy only chocolate that you could really get around here was dark chocolate and it was usually covering another kind of candy you learn how to make all different kinds of candies, not chocolate.

At that point.

So when he started working there.

He would often work the front counter. When customers came, he would take care of their horses and hitch them up outside and do things like that and his mother was kind of disappointed because she didn't think that was going to give him the experience that he needed to move on and be successful at something she actually went to the man he was apprenticing with and paid him a little bit extra so he would teach him more of the behind-the-scenes work recipes and candy thinking things like that. The confectionery should was more crafts in the arch of candy as anyone knows is made candy temperatures will spoil temperature crystallize all those kinds of legal chemistries of candy making come back to help him over and over again the next 30 years. Without that basic knowledge he gained with the more shopping I scream never achieved later on when he was 18. His apprenticeship was over and he decided to go to Philadelphia to open a candy shop in 1876 and he started making lots and lots of different kinds of penny candies and selling them from a cart on the street and at this time. He had some help from his mother and his aunt aunt Patty and their family had some money, but his father was. Not very helpful with financing anything. He was working very very hard.

He was making candy at night.

He was selling it during the day and it was exhausting and he was really struggling financially and we actually have some letters that he wrote home to his uncle asking for money and we actually have some that were written like more than one a day that he was sending saying I just need some help you now to pay rent and things like that was a very stressful time. He did have some success in the beginning but then the money stopped, his hand stopped giving him money his father came to town and they developed a candy display case that they patented that sort of looked like it was always full and then you could pull drawers out back and sell candy. Penny candy.

That way, that was an expensive endeavor. And when his father left Philadelphia to move to Denver, Colorado.

He bought him out of that little business and he ended up very soon after filing bankruptcy, so he lost his business in Philadelphia and decided to travel around and learn more about candy making. So he went to New Orleans he went to Chicago he learned how to make caramels in Denver and I was kind of a big turning point was on props and were told the story of Milton when we come back more remarkable life story here on our American stores. Here the horse about American stores every day on the show were bringing inspiring stories from across this great country stores were big cities and small tunes, but we truly can't do the show without her stories were free to listen to or not. Friedman if you love L American stories.com and click the donate button a little more L American stories.com Starbucks app you can make a moment.

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By this time, bankruptcy, traveling from town to town, but wanting to learn more failure did not stop simply fueled with return to Don touching his more store so she went to Colorado Denver because his father was there and with the man who was making caramels using fresh milk which is very different from what most people were doing at the time, which was using paraffin and fresh milk actually helped it stay stable longer. So I kept it had a good mouth feel and chewy texture and it made the flavor better and Milton Hershey really latched onto that way of doing things. So when he started his caramel company. He also was using fresh milk to make caramels and then in turn when he switched over to experimenting with milk chocolate. He was using fresh milk and is milk chocolate which is something that most people were also not doing that was a real turning point. Is his mother's family was comparing Milton to know the place was through these ventures that I just described. Hershey gained so much knowledge about experimentation about worship, but always kinds of things that went into his repository of knowledge. And so you have here is a contrast between Mrs. Hershey's determination and Hershey's experimentation about worship and so got the best. It's interesting because they didn't see him as being a little all over the place and people told him a lot of times in his life that he was crazy, but what he had was the follow-through that his father never did because he was really proud taking risk and making big life changes.

But when it didn't work out. He did just turn around and try something else.

He kinda followed it through and did everything he could to make it happen so we don't have money to start up his first business in Philadelphia and we have an original sales catalog from the business and there's probably 75 different items that he was making so was a very very different kind of product list that what he ended up doing when he became really successful so he was there for about six years and she loaned him money several times during those six years. By the time he left Philadelphia and ended up having to declare bankruptcy.

They were really bankrolling him anymore after that. So he was moving around and he actually worked for other people in those locations when he was in New Orleans and Chicago. He wasn't doing his own business. He was working for other people in learning more about it when he came back to Lancaster after his New York business fail.

He literally couldn't afford to pay the freight to get his candy making machinery and equipment out of the train station to borrow more money this time he borrowed it from a friend, not his family and how he was able to start the Lancaster caramel company so this is what they were really starting to get concerned that he was turning out to be like his father and he wanted to start yet another business and so he borrowed money from a friend and he rented some space and that's when he started to focus really on caramels. Before that, as I mentioned, he'd always been making lots of different kinds of candies and not really focusing on a single product. And so when he was in Denver he learned a lot about how to make caramels with fresh milk and he decided that's what he was that a focus on so he started the Lancaster caramel company in 1886 and he started to make caramels that were coded in dark chocolate became very popular.

That's when he really started to take off. There was a businessman from England who is traveling through Lancaster and he stopped and tasted the caramels that was selling and he ordered very very large quantity of them to be shipped over to England and so he was able to go to a bank show them this order and borrow money because he didn't have enough money to buy all the ingredients that he was going to need to make them and so he was able to get some more money and that's what sort of was the thing that really ticked off his success when he was in Lancaster number of points tire making career and one of them was told over and over is one of families money had dried up. No one was taking him seriously anymore where he has large order from the only reason he was able to finance the purchasing ingredients for that order was because the cashier thanked Mr. Bruggeman decided to cosign the loan agreement and without that he personally cosign the loan without the he would not have gotten bank loan. He needed to basically take his business creator, business came one, business was so to be able to be a cosigner of the water tasted the caramels and visited the factory in Leister and he was impressed not only taste, also very very impressed with the productivity of the factory. By 1894 he had over 1300 people working for him. He eventually had caramel plants in Mount Joy in Reading, Pennsylvania sales office in a plant outside of Chicago and he also had the one in Lancaster so he was doing really well and was selling caramels across the country at that point was pretty fast when you look at all of the struggle that went into getting back to Lancaster and starting over again with caramels is a pretty fast rise to success and actually went on to become one of the most successful businessman in Lancaster moment was his. His visit to the Columbian exposition so these are Hershey Western bridge, company Chicago and he decided that he would stop exposition which has been heralded as the turning point for so many things that we know today is common so first electrical light bulbs all over the plumbing exposition in Chicago and all kinds of things like that. She knew, all kinds of things are Hershey's enamored with the chocolate display chocolate machine fracture that is the women company so is walking through the exhibits is just incredibly overwhelmed with this chocolate from the description. This chocolate display was incredibly impressed. It was tire front of the house looked like chocolate and so he purchases some of the floor equipment and sends it back to whitest, or so we can start as experimentation and by 1896. He then establishes the vision of what company which is a Hershey chocolate company subsidiary, and you're listening to Don Pattison told the story of Milton Hershey in the relentlessness of the sky, the learning that takes place from failure and that's what we learn relentlessness to pursue excellence in your trade, which doesn't happen every five it's 1020 and that's the journey this man takes that he gets that big order from Europe was caramel company. You would think guys would stop and know what it's doing once more shows up at the Columbian exposition in 1893 stroke this kind of ambition so much at the root of what we know about the American dream and the American experiment. When we come back more of Milton Hershey story remarkable one on our American story with the Starbucks at the moment. So next time you order your morning coffee. Treat someone else and make their day to tell them you grateful for them back or simply to say thanks for the moment Starbucks that is part of the future technology ever quite wonderful like that. But you verse it's Bruce Hartley.

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So the next time that the whole family gets home from a long vacation, or the kids get back from summer camp or whatever situation that has you staring at a giant pile of dirty clothes just now that all three clear mega packs have your back. They have mine. Between spit up Dawson learning how to eat and Jared working at a restaurant I see those loads today you to purchase all three clear mega packs, a local start today and conquer any laundry load. We continue with our American stories and that last segment we learned many of the family members and sort of given up on a whole bunch of people thought he was well just to be an entrepreneur to be just a little crimson now more persons who he traveled to the exposition with actually said that he told him caramels were fat and chocolate is permanent and he wanted to switch from making caramels chocolate which is so fascinating because he was so wildly successful.

By this point making caramels and to decide at that stage of his career in life to go to something completely different is you know it's a huge risk, and people were again surprised that he was due that when he starts to make chocolate. He begins making dark chocolate because that's a lot easier and so he starts selling chocolate novelties and he had in one catalog. I believe there about 114 different kinds of dark chocolate novelties selling. So, for instance, there were chrysanthemums, which were these very elaborate beautiful boxes that had a pink chrysanthemum. They were round and bars were actually sections of the pedals were individual pieces and so they had to be molded by hand and then they had to be boxed by hand and then he had tennis cigarettes and Zucca sticks and he had little containers that looked like male pouches that fit inside a box shaped like a boxcar and he had so many of these things and they were so labor-intensive and expensive to produce because he needed only could use machines rolls that all of that had different packaging and his name. There was no Hershey brand. Every box looked completely different like it could have been made by a different producer and so I think he realized that that was taking up so much time and energy when he could be focusing on just a few things so while he's making these dark novelties he's experimenting at the same time so that he can learn how to incorporate milk into his recipe.

So the first thing makes is cocoa powder and then he starts making milk chocolate bars and things like that so really he did a few things to change the way chocolate at the time was being made and that the formula that he eventually settled on worked for several reasons. He started to purchase beans that were less expensive and he roasted them at a higher temperature to improve the flavor. So he wasn't starting off with really expensive beans, which is what everybody else was doing and then creating a very expensive chocolate so he was trying to make it so that it would be affordable to more people. So what he would do is mix sugar with milk first and then he would condense it because when you're making chocolate mixing cocoa butter which is fat with water, which is mostly what milk is, is a very difficult thing to do. So he had to remove as much of the moisture from the milk as he could and it became more like taffy when he was finished, and any other thing that he did was he was using mass production techniques like Henry Ford's report chocolate instead of having just a few pieces of chocolate making equipment in a factory. He had acres and acres of the same machine so that he could do everything on a very large scale. So by the time he felt his factory and had perfected his recipe. Those were the things that he was doing. It really allowed him to make something that tasted good and was also affordable to everyone.

And so what he did was he went from these hundred 14 different novelties down to about 12 or 13 different things and they were no chocolate no chocolate with almonds baking chocolate cocoa and a couple of other smaller things and so he never could have had a large scale production of chocolate. If you Making all of these things that required individuals to hold them a package that so we know the point where the factory is opened in 1905. Mr. Hershey is not yet completely perfected his former and he and number of close Indians feverishly trying to determine what the exact formula is he has incredibly skilled chemists that he hires he has other people realize chocolate maker schooling but has basics about job baking to come up with a final formula this week's before the Lord is going to the factory opened in 1905 very quickly. They started adding on to it so it grew very very quickly and by 1915 he was described as the largest chocolate factory in the world she was traveling to Jamestown, New York in 1897 on a sales call.

At this point he is still making caramels.

He hasn't sold Carl yet focused on chocolate so he's going to Jamestown, New York, and he stops at a candy shop and while he's there he meets a woman named Catherine Sweeney who grew up in Jamestown as the daughter of Irish immigrants. They did not have a lot of money so she dropped out of high school and got a job working at a jewelry store that particular day she was visiting some friends who are working in a candy shop and so throughout this time there seeing each other and then in 1898 in May they married each other and they got married in the rectory of St. Patrick's Cathedral, which is an important part of the story because as I mentioned, Milton's mother was a very strict Mennonite Catherine was Catholic and so that was a bit of a shock.

She was 14 years younger than Milton Hershey at that point and so he was 40 – at that time and about three years into their marriage, Kitty started to exhibit signs of an illness. It was sort of a progressive neurological illness, so she would have trouble walking. She had vision problems from time to time. Near the end of her life. She had trouble holding things in her hand. So in 1915 she was visiting Atlantic City and he was not with her at the time she had a nurse with her and they were driving home and she insisted that they keep the top down. It was a convertible car and she started to feel ill and so they stopped at a hotel in Philadelphia and she ended up contracting pneumonia, and so they sent from Hershey to come as soon as he could. He did and they did get to spend a little bit of time together before she passed, but she died before she could leave the hotel so they were married. From 1898 to 1915, which is a very brief really part of his overall life, but she had a huge impact on a lot of decisions that he made after she passed away. He never remarried, and he always carried her picture with him after that person made the decision to completely out, business was done with the waterfall about the exciting prospects of chocolate for the masses. However, when you think about it. Two of the ingredients in caramels, milk and sugar are also ingredients in chocolate, sugar, and they're basically 65% of both products so no risk taking person would never completely gotten out of line products cohabitated with chocolate version was incredibly keen on his new chocolate and so when he people all around were warning him about the risks and this and that he'd already started to think about the other part of the business which was going to be successful global town streets named after growing regions. He was thinking about all the possibilities of new venture and was not thinking at all about the risk and we been hearing a heckuva story being told by Don Paxton and both know more about Hershey than almost anybody to be the first big massmarketed chocolate in America and the world create a brand quite a vision for goodness. This wasn't done in a group. The group would've talked about more remarkable story of Newton Hershey here on our American stores with Starbucks app you can make a moment. So next time you order your morning coffee. Treat someone else and make their day to tell them you grateful for them back or simply to say thanks for the moment Starbucks app from the future technology ever quite wonderful. Like the bike you took a verse it all hardly all robots power button to related to the place where music come for you or your friends can experience a bit from your favorite artist and apocalypses and become radial tycoons, all new studio. How cool is that. And we also want it all hardly idle modes that would help take your spirit different views about the waterfall while you're out exploring box on the lookout for it until bunnies invite you into the house one heartland do something wonderful today and check out all heartland already blocks power button to go to radio.com/robots.playbill.com/doing household chores can be very time-consuming and tedious. And there's nothing more daunting than facing piles of laundry that need to be done.

I mean I can be overwhelming and that was my last night and it's pretty much my every other night. If you get those larger laundry load to Don and get back your life. Try all three clear mega packs all three clear mega packs are bigger packs with two times the cleaning ingredients compared to a regular packs you can tackle any laundry load with confidence. Now all I need is a bigger industrial size washer and dryer. All three clear mega packs are also 100% free of perfumes and dyes and gentle on skin, which is great for any family sensitive skin needs. So the next time that the whole family gets home from a long vacation, or the kids get back from summer camp or whatever situation that has you staring at a giant pile of dirty clothes just now that all three clear mega packs have your back.

They have mine. Between spit up Dawson learning how to eat and Jared working at a restaurant I see those loads today you to purchase all three clear mega packs, a local start today and conquer any laundry load and we continue with owner stories and the story of Newton Hershey is told by Don Paxson, Pres. and Executive Director and the spiritual foundation is senior director of the Hershey story was picked up what we must. You also mentioned that the million dollars that he had gone that point plus other accumulated savings, which we never really talked about was really only talk about the million dollars for the sale, company. We forget that she felt as though he had accomplished what and so at some point around the turn-of-the-century. He mentions so much and it doesn't work out job because he has already been successful since he was just the story I dreamer with this incredibly savvy businesses. So I think that we all marvel about those of us who been around his legacy for so many years is that he had just balance the ground to do the right things and make great decisions, despite the fact that the decisions were someone's when he was 21 years old and really struggling in business.

He wrote, "in someone's autograph book said something like one is only happy in proportion as he makes others happy and it went on from there and it really kind of encapsulates his philosophy moving throughout life, and he made comments throughout his life singing out when you make so much money are you can do is sit around and counted. It's time for you to go do something basically to help other people and so in building a community and providing for all the things that he did.

He really was sharing everything that he was successful at earned with everyone around him.

He didn't want a company town where he was controlling people's rents while controlling their wages and making them sort of indebted to him for life. He wanted to create a place where people can be happy and raise families and be successful and go want to do great things. He encouraged other people to have businesses in his community.

Encourage people to own their own homes.

It took a long time for his community to get else and he planned a lot of things early on. So during the depression. There was a great building campaign and during that time he built everything but he holds a high school for Milton Hershey school developed the hotel Hershey community building a sports arena sports stadium and what he was able to do was employ more people then he could before so he people were losing hours in the factory but nobody actually lost a job at Hershey during the Great Depression, and in fact he was able to hire a lot of people to help out with these building projects and there's a story that using a steam shovel during construction of the hotel Hershey foremen were bragging about how it did the work of 40 men. His response was to get rid of the steam shovel and hire 40 more men so he really was invested in making sure that people were taking care of you were never able to have children. We assume it was because of her medical issues and they eventually in 1909 made a decision to establish the Hershey industrial school and the point was that they could take orphan boys and teach them the skill and the trade so that when they grew up they could be contributing members of society.

They focused on boys because they thought that girls were much easier to place with relatives because they were able to help around the house and could be helpful. As children, but boys really needed more guidance so they did and any boys between the ages of four and I believe in the beginning it was eight, who was an orphan could be admitted to the school and they would live there year round and basically become the responsibility of the school and so it grew and grew and eventually they made some changes to the deed of trust that was established when the school was established in 1909. Over the years, eventually orphan change to having one parent and then you could have both parents in 1968 they started accepting boys of color, and in 1977 they started to admit girls so there've been lots of times over the years that they've made decisions to open it up in order to serve more children. My favorite Hershey story is that in 1918 K Hershey had already passed away, but no Hershey didn't die until 1945, but in 1918, in order to make sure that the school would live on and have something to fund it in perpetuity. He took his holdings in the title company at that time and put them into a trust for the school and said they amounted to about $60 million is amazing that he did it that long before his death, and it's amazing also that he didn't tell anybody that he did it so it happened and it was really kind of a secret for many years and then in the early 1920s.

Someone got wind of it and they put an article into the New York Times and kind of announced that he had done this and as if that wasn't enough in the 1930s. He took more wealth that he had accumulated and he put that into a trust for the MS Hershey foundation, which was established to provide cultural and educational opportunities in Derry Township so he gave his fortune away twice before he died today Hershey school is the largest pre-k through 12 overnight boarding school in the world. When I joined the Hershey Company in 1979. Then CEO of the Hershey gentleman named Bill.

He was a graduate of the school and he always reminded the managers of the Hershey Company that remember in Hershey.

Nothing else has to go on Hershey chocolate company so Hershey Park could be sold. Everything is dispensable in Hershey. But the Milton Hershey school will go on in perpetuity. That's what we work for.

And that's what were all about. So that has stayed with me to lose day because he Mr. Dearden remembered so fondly that Mr. Hershey's interest in school was his primary gift as he was about to basically an original twilight years of his life he will greatest things about Mr. Hershey is when you think about it.

Many of the products that she actually established early 20th century 1907 for kisses 1905 call the mass-produced chocolate bar cocoa chocolate syrup. Mr. Goodbar all these things are still part of the portfolio in today Hershey Company is the United States is largest confectionery company with arrival of the Mars/Wrigley but number 1905. Mr. Hershey had created a chocolate factory was geared towards mass production. There were many things that were done about five done nowhere else in the world's first Java manufacturing's concern, however, the demand for chocolate was so great that he had to expand the chocolate factory, and by 1915, he had more than quadrupled the size of the fact in 1950 company had sales of over $10 million and if you go to some monumental dates. By 1925, $36 million with the job would like 45 $71 million with the child in the basically you get some really large numbers in the 70s over half $1 billion worth of jobs, with the 1970 and 2005 $4 billion today the number is $9 billion worth of great job on the storytelling and production by Greg Kendall is always special thanks to Don Pappas and the president and executive director of the MS Hershey foundation in any Zigler Senior Dir. of the Hershey story Museum. What a story we just heard starts with nothing build something that's no easy thing to do and the only thing he cares about him. Perpetuity is not his candy factory is not the brand he built what is you want kept MS Hershey school, but K-12 school for orphans, the biggest of its kind in the world.

That is the heart of your typical American entrepreneur. It's not about the money. It's always about something. He built a town this and loved his people as people of by the way, what a story about entrepreneurship and risk-taking more restricting double down double down and then the double down.

Then one why not hard to understand these people in the end until after the fact and $9 billion in sales largest confectionery company in the country bigger than its rival Mars, which itself is active in Americans the story of Milton Hershey on our American store beach vacation like bottomless margaritas going snorkeling whenever I want and not all. I can drink everything next level beach vacation in Mexico.

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