Hillsdale College Students' Roles in Preserving the Union

Mrs. we lose our American story. Sure were America's car and the American people search for the American story contest go to the iHeartRadio wherever you get your project till college is a great friend the show and has been for years. All of our sponsored by this remarkable place.

By the way, you can get the hell still go to Hillsdale by going Hillsdale.edu and signing up for other free and terrific online courses. Colleges motto is pursuing truth and defending liberty 1840, first great test of that model came during the Civil War. Students met the challenge is Hillsdale College Prof. Peter Jennings with the store. The Civil War was a defining moment in the life of our college define who we are what we stand for Hillsdale College was founded in 1844 and abolitionist college. We are known as were founded by free will Baptist Christian sectors rather small. Originally founded in Massachusetts New England area.

In the 1700s. Around this time. This revolutionary war free will Baptist were stouthearted Christians that cherished liberty in the abhorred all kinds of slavery including Chantel slavery southern slave.

They were known as abolition is free will Baptist. These people were part of the migration from New England into New York and then eventually into what was known as the old Northwest specifically Michigan and started communities, religious communities free will Baptist and their people.

There also strong believers in education so soon as they settled in area.

They started schools and one of the things that they started was a college Hillsdale College are college bound by these abolitionists will Baptist and attracted like-minded people from all across the old Northwest. A lot of folks may be half the students were from Michigan, but we also a lot of students back from free will Baptist communities in New York as well as Pennsylvania and throughout the Midwest, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, sconce and through a fairly diverse population. Those areas nowhere nonsectarian were known as a Christian college and abolitionist college to be an abolitionist back then in antebellum years, decades prior to the Civil War was not a popular thing to do so for the college to take an overt stance on abolitionist principles, freedom, quality justice was a fairly strong position to take. So the students that it attracted back then tended to come from homes that had shared like-minded principles that our kids unlike kids that went to the elite Eastern schools, Harvard, Yale, places like that our kids were not privileged kids.

They were not wealthy kids. Most of our kids grew up on humble homesteads are accustomed to working in grew up in that kind of frontier homestead environment, but also deeply religious people with a commitment to freedom and equality and justice. Abolitionist principles, but there also a patriotic kind of people they grew up, not as peasants or serfs or slaves but as citizens they were working their own land their own property and enjoying the fruits of their own labor. The point I'm getting at is these kids grew up not only deeply religious but also patriotic because it was in this country with people like them had an opportunity to enjoy freedom of citizenship. So that was the kind of school that we were and it attracted students with that kind of upbringing with those kinds of values that came to college as an opportunity to broaden and deepen their education beyond what they got on their homesteads, the college prospered and became a sizable college for the time in 1861, for example, there were 350 male students and 203 female student that was a sizable college. The only other college in Michigan that was of that size or larger was University of Michigan so we are very successful prospers college but still with a population of some 500 students in in a couple dozen faculty it's still a fairly small tightknit community college life back then was was different than it is today. Students basically did two things they had class, rigorous studies, it was a fixed curriculum, not the selective system with majors in all at stuff that will ultimately work today but there is a fixed what we understand as a classical liberal arts curriculum. Everybody took the same curriculum it was fixed up for your program and they worked our students were were largely middle and poor income level students and so students worked in the college itself didn't have a maintenance department training to maintain the college everybody pitched in and worked there is a day set aside during the week for work when all students would work in their perform tasks of maintaining a college cutting wood all that kind of stuff to maintain a college so college life. Back then, was basically two things. It was class intensive liberal arts studies and work Sue's work to earn her way through college and the other thing that's really important. Understanding college life in the community. Back then, word something called literary societies. Most people are familiar with the Greek system. In most colleges today. Students back then didn't have fraternities or sororities, but they had literary societies. There were Greek organizations to ferment to for women. They wrote essays and had speech competitions, oratory competitions, mainly focused on the issues of the day and Mondays are set aside for meetings for literary society and this is the one will call extracurricular activity of college life. Students with the class worked, studied, there were no sports or any extracurricular activities except for these literary societies, men and women would attend each other's society meetings and hear each other's speeches and that would be a chance for them to socialized. The point is, that's where the students would develop deep friendship bonds. As students address the issues the day, and interacted with each other not just intellectually but also socially and we been listening to Hillsdale College Prof. Peter Jennings tell the story of Hillsdale College.

They loved freedom of citizenship and that's why they oppose slavery or this remarkable story of Hillsdale College here on our American story books.

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Yet the Kansas Nebraska act.

He had this ratcheting up of the tension between North and South, slavery, anti-slavery, and that was the dominant political not just political but social, cultural theme that was on everybody's mind's back and since that were the country is heading towards potentially Civil War and during this time Lincoln is in politics Republican Party is formed and with his election in 1860. That was the final straw that that because the South Pacific seen the point I'm getting at is in these years, particularly last five or six years leading up to Lincoln's election. Our students were heavily engaged primarily through the instrument of these literary societies thinking about writing about working out their ideas on these very important political issues and figure out where we stand on these important debates. Our students were active lyrically and Republican Party and getting Lincoln elected. For example, and other issues. So it was during this time that our students were taking their education things that there were learning in the classroom in applying and testing and working out those principles through these literary societies as they apply to the issues of the day and figuring out where they stand, both as individuals and as a community and that was sort of laid the groundwork for getting ahead in the story little bit when Fort Sumter was attacked in Lincoln called for volunteers. Our students had spent the years leading up to that point, wrestling with the issues of the day working out their principles and taking their stand in essays and in debates and things like that so that when the call finally came. Our students were ready to go the very day so Fort Sumter was attacked on April 12 free days later on the 15th, Lincoln issued his call for 75,000 volunteers that day that very day that his policies received word of Lincoln's call for volunteers, students, form themselves into a battalion got right out and onto central hall in the central part of the campus form themselves into a battalion. They elected a professor as a commander and they wired a message the governor Austin Blair was a former Hills of college faculty quite a message to him that day saying the Hillsdale College rifles volunteer rifles is formed and ready for service. They knew exactly where they stood and they knew exactly the response. The attack on Fort Sumter was twofold. One was an insult was an insult to the honor of United States. The country that they love the response is patriotic in that sense.

In the second response was the slavery question now has to be decided. The attack on Fort Sumter made it clear the slavery question has now to be decided by force of arms Southerners had forced it in our stance on the slavery issue was simple slavery must die so these students were committed to one preserving the union and to abolishing slavery in the union was worthy of preserving not for itself, but because the union was committed in the declaration to liberty for everybody and these boys of ours put down their books and picked up their rifles and they served. We have quite an extraordinary service record Mike out right now is we had 503 students. Hillsdale College students serve in the Army during the Civil War, and that includes active students, but also's former students or alumni, and some interesting facts about the students, all of them were volunteers.

We actually had more students trying to volunteer than there were spaces available summer since were turned away because the units were already filled up so we had to about 500 students serve all of them volunteers. All of them for the union. About half of that 500 became officers. What's notable about our students is overwhelmingly they all enlisted joined the ranks as enlisted soldiers first and then many of them became officers after they had proven themselves as worthy soldiers and as leaders about a dozen of them became senior officers. Regimental commanders are above four of them became general officers. Many of the students acquitted themselves with exceptional courage or valor for our students. Recipients of the medal of honor of that 500 100 of them made the ultimate sacrifice were killed in service and of that 500 hundred and 30 suffered grievous and debilitating wounds such that they were discharged from disability. So that's 100 that were killed, 130 that were disabled. That's 230/500. That's a 45% casualty rate.

That's an a in extraordinary record of service and sacrifice factors.

That was a quote from one of the leading newspapers Detroit newspaper called the Detroit advertiser Tribune in June 1864 it wrote that quote probably no college in the country is better represented in the Union Army than Hillsdale. It has sent its young men to the war by the hundreds and they have watered with their blood. Every battlefield and Republic.

And that's not hyperbole.

We had kids of the 500 about half served in the East in the Army of the Potomac. We had kids. For example, in 37 of our kids volunteers in the fourth Michigan imagery in the fourth Michigan was part of the Army of the Potomac from the first Bull Run to Appomattox and our kids fought in every major battle in the East Bull Run the Peninsula campaign, the second Bull Run and Antietam in Fredericksburg Chancellorsville. We had 53 students that fought at Gettysburg and then the Overland campaign wilderness of Petersburg all the way through, and the other half of our students actually slightly more than half served in the Western theater under Grant and Sherman.

We had students fight at Shiloh and Vicksburg check needed campaign Sherman's march to Atlanta this March to see so our students fought both East and West leaders and we had students all all the major battles and campaigns of the war's newspaper says that you sent its young men by the hundreds and water with our blood every battlefield Republic. That's not hyperbole that's actually back in its fascinating just one little aside anecdote here last summer my wife and I were driving down to Huntsville Alabama to pick our daughter up was at the NASA space camp and on our way down we stopped at some Civil War battlefields in Perryville and then Chet knew the missionary Ridge Lookout Mountain and Chickamauga and its it's incredible to see is a Hillsdale College fastly see some of the plaques on the monuments and plaques at those battlefields where the commanders name is listed and it's a Hillsdale College student and you can see in war years of college students fought more, many of them died in such an extraordinary just an extraordinary service record in and we can listing to Prof. Peter Jennings of Hillsdale College one heck of a story or that classical learning they were doing they were applying to real life matters and concerns. One day wasn't just essays the writing had to show up and fight and indeed they did they did. By messaging the governor that they were strapped up and ready for service. The slavery question. They knew had to be responded to by force these boys of ours. The professor said put down their books and served 503 served in the Army over volunteer for recipients of the medal of honor 100 lost their lives, 130 were disabled 45% casualty rate. When we come back more of his remarkable story of selflessness and courage and service here in our American story. I know everything about running a coffee shop for small business insurance. I need my State Farm agent make sure my incompetent business owners to help you best. State Farm is in your corner and on my neighbor. There call your local State Farm agent for quote today doing household chores can Artie be time-consuming and tedious.

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Our kids didn't they enlisted and they enlisted because that's the kind kids.

They were because they were delete privileged kids. These were the mission earlier before most of our kids were or poor kids that grip on the frontier and they're used to working in the deep sense of proper sense of humility and are they working to shirk and trying get out on easy duty when it came to a fight, they were to shoulder rifles and into the fighting. What's interesting though is they were college kids and they were Christians and so they were little different than the average soldier in the rank, particularly in the Western units comprised of of Western men out here in the frontier. A rough first breed of man. Our kids didn't drink in swear and play poker and then engage in the camp brawl so camp life in the Army back then especially needs Western units was involved a lot of alcohol and a lot of poker and a lot of swearing, a lot of fighting and things like that in our kids didn't partake in any of that.

And so you can imagine when these Christian kids you don't drink and don't swear don't play poker around men who do those things. Those rough men can think that our kids are stuck up and maybe don't have the stomach for the grit fighting so that was some of the initial impression that that our kids had to deal with and there's a fascinating and interesting story from one of our student soldiers back then a young man named Henry McGee who served in the fourth Michigan infantry. He describes how are how are boys earned their spurs earned the respect of their fellow soldiers. He talks about when the first major engagements at the fourth mission was involved in his in July 1862, a year before Gettysburg McClellan's Peninsula campaign battle of Malvern Hill the Union army had been driven back by Robert E. Lee's Confederate forces until he got to place called Malvern Hill backed her up against the James River stand had to finally be made in the fourth Michigan infantry was called upon to hold a position in the key position on Malvern Hill and our kids were in the front rank and Henry McGee describes how our kids fought quote here from Henry McGee. He says on that terrible day each college boy there held a position in the front rank of the company and in the fiercest of that fierce battle storm for every man to the right of me in the front rank the company had been shot and were foreman nears me had dropped one after the other two dead two wounded but then no college boy flinched. Each held his place full to the front on that awful death line fighting until the battle was one then was demonstrated. McGee says that most trying our regiment ever knew that the college conscience student discipline, patriotic purpose with the emergence every college boy did his whole duty. That's what McGee writes in LC goes on explain how after the battle when in the evening when the unit is still camped there on that battlefield. He describes how you overheard some of the other cowboys.

He calls them talk about the battle that day, and here's one of the town boy say how like hell them college boys did fight. We have four recipients of the medal of honor in each of those are our stories in themselves.

One of them. This is again the fourth Michigan involves two of our students in fourth Michigan Asher Leflore. I think I mentioned earlier and another student named Moses loose this is that I told you sort out fourth Michigan fighting and in Malvern Hill during the Peninsula campaign in 1862. Another story comes in 1864 grant is now in command of the Army Potomac and he starts his overland campaign down to Virginia to try and crush Lee and it begins with the battle in the wilderness with which the fourth Michigan took part in. And then that led right into the battle of Spotsylvania in the fourth Michigan is fighting and that and there's an attack on Laurel Hill. During the battle Spotsylvania the fourth Michigan charged process open field, up the hill to some Confederate positions Confederate positions were well dug in well entrenched as a strong position. Fourth attack during the morning and were driven back. Moses loose as a sergeant at this time and he's leaving his squad in the attack. The regiments driven back so they fall back to their original line. Moses loose takes his squad back to the original line, but when he gets back to the original line he hears somebody calling out his name says loose help me down and recognizes the voice is the voice of his college friend Asher Leflore. Moses loose at this after just retreating from the field battle hears that voice turns around a jumps over the slow fence line. He run back out battlefield to find his friend Asher Leflore who somewhere the rebels are shooting loose describes how he hears around whizzing by. His head is running out there and finally finds his friend Asher Leflore who sprawled out on the ground he'd taken grapeshot leg leg was severed below the knee. Asher Leflore was bleeding out help me in Moses loose just out of the ground Plaza tourniquet and then puts Asher his friend upon his back. Fireman's can carry tries to get up and carry him back to his lines. It's Asher Leflore up heading back towards his line and he could hear the shooting and the rebels are shooting. Try to get Asher back to you saves Asher's life gets him back to his lines and takes behind the lines to the regimental surgeon and ends up saving Asher's life saving his college friends life. It was for that action that Moses loose was a sometime later awarded the medal of honor in resisting Moses wrote about that incident.

After the war when he is running out to get Asher.

He describes seeing the rebel shooting at him and hearing the Browns whizzing by his head and he gets down in the ground helping Asher and he can still hear the rebels shooting Adam and he picks Asher up. He could still hear the rebel shooting at him and he can hear the rounds flying by.

But then, as he starts running back towards his line.

He noted that the rebel stop shooting is brutal as vicious as that Civil War combat was the soldiers north and south still maintain some aspect of civility some code of honor they recognize what Moses loose was doing for his friend and saving his life. So they stopped firing at some anyone listening to Prof. Peter Jennings of Hillsdale College tell one heck of a story about the Hillsdale students who served in the Civil War. They enlisted rather than pursue plush positions in my goodness they were college kids and Christian so they didn't drink costs fight or play poker. They could fight in battle. No college boy flinched and each held his place on that awful death line.

Henry McGee reported that the fourth Michigan infantry in the Hillsdale soldiers.

Every college boy did his duty how like hell those college boys did fight when we come back more. This remarkable story here on our American story. I know everything about running a coffee shop for small business insurance. I need my State Farm agent make sure my incompetent business owners to help you best.

State Farm is in your corner and on my neighbor. There call your local State Farm agent for quote today doing household chores can Artie be time-consuming and tedious. There's nothing more daunting and facing piles and piles of laundry that need to be done can be overwhelming for anyone. If you want to get those larger laundry loads down right and get back to your life.

Try all free clear maggot packs all three clear mega packs are bigger packs two times the cleaning ingredients compared to a regular pack so that you can tackle any laundry load without the worry, all free, clear, mega packs are also 100% free of perfumes and dyes and their dental and skin which is great for any family sensitive skin needs my family. We definitely have sentence again the next time the whole family gets home from long vacation or you get the kids back in summer camp or whatever the situation as that's because this big pile of dirty clothes all free clear maggot packs purchase all free, clear mega packs today and conquer any laundry load for all fabric types, and we returned to our American stories we just heard Hillsdale College Prof. Peter Jennings Nelson stories of Hillsdale College students fighting in the Civil War.

One story of our stands out above the other. Peter Jennings continues with the story of a student a flag in the Pennsylvania Wheatfield.

The battle for the Wheatfield happened on the second day, so Gettysburg was a three-day battle July 1, second, third, so on July 2 second day of battle, leave the rebels under long streets core was attacking that Sutherland was the southern of the left flank of the Union line and Lee's goal was to flank the Union Army in rollup and crush the Army of the Potomac, the hope, the idea was this would be a decisive victory if you destroy the Union army bear Gettysburg, then there's nothing left between the rebel army and Washington. Everybody remembers Pickett's charge, which is on the third day, but is really on the second day that the decisive fighting occurred and on that second day on that left flank. There were brutal, bitter, furious fighting some of the most furious, bloodiest fighting of the war occurred names that we still recognize today Devils den Little round top.

Everybody knows the story of Chamberlain on Little round top, and then the fighting moved to low 20 acre piece of ground there on that flank called the Wheatfield and this is where some of the most intense vicious fighting occurred that day. The union third Corps was assigned to hold that portion of the line they had been driven back long streets core was threatening to break through the vicinity of the Wheatfield and flank Union line.

So Gen. Meade's overall command of the union had been shoving reinforcements reserves reinforcements into that area of the battlefield to try and stop the rebel tide or the units that was sent into the Wheatfield is the fourth Michigan, the fourth Michigan had made a 24 hour forced march all night long to get Gettysburg to get to the battlefield that morning and was a long hot March temperatures were north of 90° and little food in the water. The rest they got to Gettysburg. Though they were issued extra ammunition in the veterans then that unit knew that there been a be in for a fight, given little time to rest and called up, thrown into the Wheatfield to push back rebel advance.

The fourth Michigan some battle line attacking process gates rebels on the far side, just as our guys got the far side and began to engage the rebels to their front, they got hit by fire coming from the right rear tree line to the right rear and are supposed to been Union troops up in that tree line, but it turns out those Union troops brought been driven back and now there rebels in that tree line so the fourth Michigan found that they had rebels to their front and then three regiments rebels in the tree line to the right rear who were charging so the fourth, the commander of the fourth's name is Harrison Jeffords attempted to turn the fourth about to face the rebels that were coming right rear again. They were swept with a hail of lead in the rebels charge screaming the rebel yell with bayonets fixed charging right in the Union line.

There wasn't time enough for Jeffrey to get the fourth wheel about their quickly engulfed surrounded the melee of hand-to-hand fighting ensued and in that fight. The fourth Michigan's battle flag was captured. Now here's the thing with flags, particularly something, take note of. Since our contemporary culture tend not understand the full meaning flag back then the flag was the country had great significance in one regiments like the fourth Michigan reformed up.

These are local regiments so Michigan state based regiments there farmed up most of whom were found up in little towns like Hillsdale and Jonesville, fourth Michigan, Hillsdale and Jonesville, and Adrian informed up and then when they're gonna leave their home state and head in this case to the east of Washington DC there would be a final ceremony a sendoff ceremony in our case for the fourth Michigan Disney hometown was Adrian's own Adrian. They had a formal ceremony were the whole town showed up in the whole local government showed up in Holland soldiers there in uniform information. It was customary, then, that the women of the town sold battle colors and were present in a ceremony, battle colors, the commander of unit that had happened in a dream with the fourth Michigan women had.

Battle colors and they had sewn on the American flag is battle colors. The word defendant in Harrison Jeffords, the commander received the battle colors. He made a speech which is customarily score that these colors would never fall into enemy hands. They would defend those colors with their lives.

Well, here they are in the Wheatfield in this melee in the rebels had captured the flag. Jeffords saw that the flag had been captured, he rallied himself and a few of his other officers that were close to him rallied them to go charge and take back the flag so they did. They charge in Jefferson charge and killed the rebel who had the flag he grabbed like the possession of it that he was immediately killed.

He was shot cut down to rebels in assumes Jeffords is cut down, the flag was taken back by the rebels. One of Jeffords attendance young man by the name of Richard C killed the rebel who killed Jeffords and he took the flag back so now seek has possession of the flag, but he's immediately cut down. He shot twice in the chest and bayoneted by third level and seek falls in the melee goes on like that. Within minutes, 39 Michigan and are dead or dying on the battlefield flight went on like that for the flag. Eventually, the fourth Michigan was outnumbered and overrun and driven off the field.

They regroup with other Union forces and after three hours of fighting Union line held and they drove the rebels back out of Wheatfield. The flag was lost. We don't know to this day we don't know what happened.

The flag we think it may have just been torn up just lost in the melee. But the battle to save the flag there in the Wheatfield was a rallying point that help save the Wheatfield hold the line. Perhaps the battle in the day for the union so the fight that day. There's dozens of instances of fighting, desperate fighting like this in this battle for the flag of the field is one of those instances where young man for the union rally fight.

Save the day and the thing that is significant about the fight to save the flag significant to our college is in the fourth Michigan were 37 young men from our college that day. There is some 23 still standing that were fighting engaged in the Wheatfield. Many of them were wounded. Two of them were killed and in that battle for the flag that young man that young Lieut. Richard C was held the policy and he grabbed that flag and raised it a law try and rally his soldiers fellow soldiers before he was cut down. At that moment when C grabs that battle flag raising loft that was the inspiration for we have a statue in front of our center of our campus of the Union soldier holding a battle flag aloft that active raising the flag aloft the battle flag aloft midstep combat that melee service symbolizes the whole Civil War experience for our college and our famous battle for the flag and Wheatfield was a significant event Hillsdale College service terms.

The Civil War statue was dedicated June 20, 1895 and was placed front and center of our campus soldier boy this enlisted soldier holding this battle flag aloft is not just a memorial beam put that statue as an object lesson the day of the dedication result program with the ulcers of speakers where the professors professor named Amber William Amber gave a speech and describe it. That statue stands for what it means he says enthusiastic patriotism, not a soldier at parade rest. Donna sent on guard, but rather a fight, one who dares challenges the world in defense of right student soldier boy who, in the midst of battle scene. The colors fall sees the broken staff fearlessly holds aloft the starry banner. That's description Amber gives of the statute patriotism, honor, courage, duty.

That's the lesson of the statute. That statue symbolizes who we are what we stand in a terrific job on the production by Carter, who is himself a Hillsdale student and a special thanks to Peter Jennings, a professor at Hillsdale College. That story about that flag.

The flag was lost in the melee. The battle to save that flag well it seems battle of Gettysburg change the Civil War and the end it may have changed American history and that statue in front of the college wasn't a mere memorial. It's an object lesson enthusiastic patriotism is what it stands for honor, courage and duty, and the reason these men fought in this war.

The word liberty and applied to all men and women and that was black or white story at Hillsdale College in the Civil War here on our American store