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That's 2600, and loss deductions unless you've already snap them with QuickBooks snap and sort your expenses for maximum deductions and tax time. Visit QuickBooks.com smarter business, the world's hardest workers. QuickBooks backing you morning. I'm Jane Pauley and this is Sunday morning Pittsburgh, the nation is in morning today following yesterday's mass shooting at a synagogue will have the latest in just a few minutes.

Then it's on to a crash course in the great financial crisis that rattled our country 10 years ago this fall with repercussions that we feel, to this day. Jill's licensure will report our cover story. When housing prices crashed a decade ago.

The dog traders are slamming a watch in amazement. I don't blame him. Taxpayers had to shell out billions to bail out Wall Street, but many on Main Street never recovered the fact that they never really got around to helping the troubled borrowers.

I think led to this idea that the system is rigged. How 2008 change the world ahead this Sunday morning. The case of NBC today host Megan Kelly reminded us this past week of the legacy of the very old show business convention known as blackface racist and degrading its roots in our popular culture go way back.

As Maurice DuBois will show us for more than a century. The most popular form of payment in this country involved actors in dark white black performers. Why on earth would a black performer put on blackface and demean him or herself.

This is the 19th century they had limited options. They were expected to the haunting history of blackface later on Sunday morning will have some questions for Jonah Hill this morning. The accomplished actor making his debut on the side of the camera will be answering to our Tracy Smith. I know you love it here as a comic actor.

Jonah Hill never seem to be afraid to try anything that now as Dir. of a new critically acclaimed film still taking risks for their times in this long process that said, yes, this morning when I woke up later this Sunday morning director Jonah Hill's precarious leap of faith has licorice on his menu. Roxana Sadberry takes us to the birthplace of Frankenstein, Anthony Mason has the gripping tale of a South Pole adventure gone wrong and more coming up when our Sunday morning podcast continues 10 years later the great financial crisis of 2008 still cast a long shadow, and given the stakes, not to mention recent weeks on the stock market. We figured it was time for crash course from Jill's messenger. Remember those dark and frightening autumn days of 2008. The speed with which we are watching this market.

The dog traders are slamming a lot in amazement. I don't blame. It was very scary. Let's get to our top story, the government bailout of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac who was why are these companies failing Lehman which has 25,000 employees will be liquidated. Then Gretchen Morgan sent was a business columnist for the New York Times. Meanwhile Merrill Lynch. It could be next agreed act of desperation to a shotgun marriage with Bank of America. The banking system was near collapse this in freefall and too many.

It seemed like government officials were as clueless as the rest of us.

It was a real sense of being in a dark room filled with furniture that you were to stumble on and fall over and that you didn't know how to kind of maneuver and there was so much that we didn't know and that really people did not want us to know Mortensen says the seeds of the crash were sown in the boom years leading up to it. The housing boom is a coast-to-coast story with reliable national barometer. The median sales price of American home rising every year jumping more than 9%. Just last year. That way, home prices were skyrocketing. Many believed they would never fall pretty confident that the housing market here is not to go down thoughts was going to go up but to keep their monthly payments low more and more borrowers were opting for risky mortgages will probably 75% of all mortgages mortgages. I'd say 95% or interestingly and many lenders were stretching the limits offering so-called subprime mortgages to those with shaky credit allowing them to buy homes they could barely afford. There was an underlying drive for homeownership in the United States that was almost an overarching policy that bigger rates of homeownership was good for America if you knew that at the same time. Some banks were pushing those untraditional mortgages in order to repackage and sell them to global investors, pension funds, insurance companies, even other banks bought these mortgage-backed securities doctors. The trigger that sets the formal Columbia University professor Adam choose has focused his historians. I on a new take of the causes and effects of the financial crisis. He says policymakers were caught by surprise. Just how fast it spread to relatively small mortgage market, which is will subprime walls how that could spiral into this general crisis. The banking system, good evening. This is an extraordinary. For America's economy.

We are in the midst of a serious financial crisis at home prices plunged millions of homeowners could not repay the money they borrowed driving down the value of those mortgage-backed securities.

The banks didn't have that money they were using to hold those mortgage securities with the board.

The result, taxpayers had to shell out billions to help cover the banks losses talking hundreds of billions. This needs to be big enough to make a real difference to get at the heart of the problem. What do you think would happen if the mantra of let them fail were enacted. I think we would've seen a catastrophe of a talk with Nelson before, worse even than the Great Depression of the 1930s, but that bailout sparked fierce public anger what you say to them, they're very angry there even being asked to contribute.

This leaving little appetite for then saving what some believed were reckless homeowners is an extra bathroom. Swift action may have saved the financial system, but not before $19 trillion in household wealth evaporated along with nearly 9 million jobs.

In retrospect, a lot of people feel like the banks were bailed out okay. I understand that save the system but people were left hanging out to dry, is something absolutely is a huge imbalance between the emergency efforts on the very slow moving and inadequate measures that were enacted lights wrong to support American homeowners. Some measures were taken.

This plan will not save but it will give millions of families was on the financial chance to rebuild but very slow acting but provided relief to small minority of America is in the many years off to the acute crisis of 2000 tonight, but in the meantime, 10 million American families lost homes.

American households old families. That's where the real losses, all of which made the recovery long painful and uneven Wall Street today turned back the clock in 2017. Another selloff so what now despite this month's turbulence. 10 years later, the stock market is still near an all-time high wages arising and more working today than ever before. In fact, the unemployment rate is the lowest nearly 50 years, but many of the new rules put in place after the crisis, to protect the system from another meltdown are now being weakened. What's the danger of rolling back some of those regulations danger is that you have banks which are not able to take the hit of a large amount of unexpected losses and not able to withstand a sudden panic also confidence when people just want to pull that money out of the banking system.

While the banks are much more well-capitalized. They have a lot more money set aside for a rainy day than they did leading up to the crisis, but by not prosecuting any very high level executives who were involved. I think that message was very clear that this kind of behavior. This kind of big risk-taking behavior that risks the entire financial system will not be punished. Gretchen Morgan sent an investigative reporter at the Wall Street Journal worries that failure to hold anyone accountable will resonate for years to come, and people get what happened that this inequality that was pervasive in the response to the crisis. The very powerful institutions got taken care of the individuals who are powerless. Did not. I think people understand that very well and now page from our Sunday morning almanac October 28, 1858, 160 years ago today. The day Roland Hussey, Macy opened the small dry goods store in New York City is first day sales totaled just $11.06. But over time business picked up so much so that in 1902, Rh Macy and company opened a huge new store on Manhattan's Herald Square which is expanded to make even larger. In 1924. That same year Macy staged its first big holiday parade on Christmas day. At first it was later moved to Thanksgiving in 1947, the Macy's parade provided the opening backdrop the classic film miracle on 34th St., starring Maureen O'Hara and Edmund Gwen as the department store Santa who turns out to be the real McCoy. This dress is today the Macy's parade and its flagship Herald Square store remain prime attractions for visitors and shoppers from all over the and, together with its hundreds of other stores across the country. Macy's racked up nearly $25 billion in sales last year eclipsing that first days take of $11 and then some trick or treat these high-end licorice candies are from Denmark and Pac-10 unexpected which is our Connor Knighton discovered wander the aisles of any Scandinavian supermarket, you will find them loaded with licorice sticks sold in all shapes and sizes. If you're feeling creative, you can make your own banks goals and coils black and salty licorice, especially in the Navy and treat.

But it felt more like I had been no I think it's also licorice is made from the licorice root, glycerin Reza Klopp the twisters in red vines that we Americans sometimes called licorice don't actually contain any licorice at all licorice is sweet licorice assaulted the soldier stuff is really important to this covenant people and it's really really strange. True foreignness below the found reflectance licorice company based in the black fortress on the outskirts of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Mike Reese is the Danish word for licorice driving around the smell of fish for living. There's no 11 years ago to open his very first store in the seaside town of sonic he was born on the board hold small picturesque Danish island in the Baltic Sea is this paradise on earth.

When summer like this should moment is the sunniest place in all of that, the crowds of tourists passing through blue a chance to try out his licorice creations. The idea was actually to create a recipe or two and then just be in front of the actual consumer look in their eyes and see what other smiling, throwing up when he found that he could get international visitors to try his product mix the licorice taste with flavors familiar with what flavors this at the factory back in Copenhagen coated flavors.

This is more for me to hide it something else is also licorice mixed with euro chilis is a caramelized organic slow cooked licorice for connoisseurs syrups, sprinkles, mixing with other dishes you won't find any of this in the grocery store but Chris has marketed and packaged itself is a luxury good sold in small boutiques when you have this role from the pot is got like the good licorice when things like Patrick Nielsen by lack Reese, it's a special treat stores in the Copenhagen airport in the Tivoli amusement park Danish employees trying to convince curious tourists to sample a taste. Dave Bono with you feel like you're on a mission then you have to try this one have a salted caramel it's a favorite everybody likes my Chris just open to stores in Dubai and is now sold Chelsea market in New York City, but it all began back on one hole I called Chris because he thinks the technical director takeoffs has worked with below since the beginning, helping develop the packaging of the presentation of the report.

Licorice is still at the root of everything. The time we can make the world Sunday morning on CBS. Here again is Jane Pauley is a tail based on a book whose author was first listed as anonymous. Maybe because back in 1818 stories written by young women wouldn't be taken seriously, but there's no question it's a very young author created a classic Roxana said Barry has chapter and verse on Frankenstein. We all know the tail mad scientist creation and that only creation is by young woman barely 18 years old. We have something that really kisses Genesis old Frankenstein Mary Shelley's original manuscript is held at Oxford University's Bodleian Library in England. Chris Fletcher is a keeper of special collections from relatively modest beginnings of 500 copies of the Smith unity to what it's become. Now Costco is a really interesting story. That story began two years earlier when it's author left England with her future husband, the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley they joined fellow poet Lord Byron. At this Swiss Villa for what was supposed to be a pleasant holiday on the shores of Lake Geneva is this place changed since Mary was here 200 years ago. Well, not much at all. It's almost exactly as it was Byron's day down to the railings along the terrace while the villas much the same University of Geneva Prof. David Spurrier explains that summer was like none other. Almost perpetual room confines us principally to the house just the perpetual rain.

Shelley wrote letters to freakish volcanic eruption in Asia that shrouded much of Europe in cold and darkness setting the stage for Gothic masterpiece Lord Byron suggested one night we show each right a ghost story so the results of that famous contest are known. Are you saying if the weather had been fine. That summer we might not have a Frankenstein.

I think that so I think that's quite probable. The storms figure heavily in Shelley's ghost story which would become the novel Frankenstein, published in 1818. Her tale about a man-made monster turn murderer has been translated into dozens of languages mutated into countless adaptations and spinoffs ranging from slapstick comedy songs Frankenstein is taken place. Popular culture. This monster is often misunderstood.

People think that Frankenstein is the name of that creature monster the name of his creator the creature himself does not have an another common misconception is that Frankenstein's monster is purely evil. But events marking the novel's bicentennial dream is a lonely character neglected by his creator going University College London.

Prof. Jack still go says Frankenstein is still teaching us about science about responsibility. For example, as a research is what you're doing. Ethical do you have responsibilities for the things that you create now barrel real this all giving scientists the potential to enact potentially save changes to life, say, should we be editing the human genome. Should we be trying to improve upon human nature that's the question we should all have a site enduring questions first posed by young writer 200 years ago. She is dealing with the totally relevant issues, articulate, and of a servant, fantastic way. Should we read the novel in 2018. Absolutely no more. I heard NBC today host Megan Kelly show was canceled this past week following her on-air remarks expressing acceptance of blackface is a racist show business practice. Most of us thought was long gone, but as Maurice Dubois is about to tell us. Blackface has a long history in our country and we caution you, his report unavoidably includes many offensive and disturbing images. It happens all too frequently offered Halloween but not exclusively. They thought it was a joke just was not funny at all. For example, two years ago in Maplewood, New Jersey.

Her daughter posted this photo of herself and a friend blackface. Two girls had no idea what blackface was in the history of it.

The history of blackface is long and complex and deeply ingrained in our culture and even Bugs Bunny and Elmer flood more than the whites, performers wore dark makeup and created not only a popular theatrical form with stereotypes that are still with us today. This makes you comfortable. Absolutely it does make me feel uncomfortable to talk about these things because they are incredibly disturbing and revolting. Eric lots a professor at the graduate Center of the city University of New York says blackface represents a strange mix of envy fascination desire and fear. Explain the fear part. What one of these white performers was white people afraid they're afraid of black groups. Bob's rising up and taking the power minstrel shows began in the 1830s and white performers used in court or later black greasepaint minstrelsy eventually became the most popular form of entertainment in the country.

I I asked Margo Jefferson, the Pulitzer prize-winning critic to look at some images from the New York public library.

The shininess of the black against the big white clown's mouth hat the overlong tail coat mocking it always gives me the guilt that racist history does. Blackface is so tied to comedy two people enjoying the house to people having fun that rattles you still more my performers claim that they did on stage was based on the perceptions of how people live. This came out of a genuine fascination with the music. The songs the dances, the performance styles of people but it's also where job Jim Crow was born, along with other characters depicted as lazy, lying foolish.

Remember, this was all happening before the Civil War, slavery was all about creating visions types stereotypes of an entire race of people as subhuman in every way. By the 1860s, African-Americans began using blackface on stage. Why on earth would a black performer put on blackface and demean him or her say words. This is the 19th century they had limited options. They were expected to why because made the audiences comfortable you can be fascinating you can be excited but you can always feel superior. In effect, the black makeup on a black performer became a theatrical mask with many layers of meaning Prof. Eric lots the mask. I think that the white audiences. You have nothing to fear. Go enjoy yourself black audiences.

I think any number of things might've been communicated like can you believe that these people are making report on this mask so they will be entertained. None of the words is a kind of winking to the black audience, but it gave black performers access to the stage I of the biggest black stars to come out of the mistral tradition was Bert Williams who wore blackface from vaudeville to Broadway. It's clear that he was a genius of a performer, but how did he reconcile performing in this demeaning artform was very melancholy about it. He knew it was necessary for his career as all other black performers knew it minstrelsy on stage basically died out in the 1920s, but blackface lived on in the movies. In 1927 Cal Jolson starting the pioneering talking picture jazz singer playing a young man who prefers singing popular music rather than his family's traditional Hebrew prayers don't want to look what what reaction to the our gang comedies of the 1930s Spanky appeared in blackface is that you realize.

So the gist of it is you put blackface makeup on anyone they become black that's hilarious and it's supposed to be really funny and it goes on during the Golden age of the Hollywood musical Judy Garland Crosby, Fred Astaire and many others all blacked up.

It's still in the culture.

It is too easy. I think simply dismiss the history of blackface as that racist stuff and you know most of us are better than that of most of us about.

We are that that's what we are. Some people say it in order to move forward we need to put this stuff behind us. As painful as just upsetting that it may be any form of history gets suppressed or repressed or erased out comes back to haunt what has to happen now is a discussion and knowledge meant of this charge complicated painful history.

Jonah Hill from any one of his many movie roles, but Hill has a role which prompted some questions from Tracy Smith. This is really fake IDs. Jonah Hill helped make 2007 super bad great coming-of-age movies.

That's our little that and now it seems, made another one a lot of time our laws of the word. The film 90s is about a tightknit band of skaters growing up and raising hell 90s Los Angeles and its Jonah Hill's first time directing a feature where their times in this long process that you said yes this morning when I woke up this story is about Stevie 13-year-old from a troubled home bonds with a group of skaters who introduce him to things beyond skating like cigarettes, so we need to clean the smoke off at the local gas station before he goes home societally and said in the mid-90s.

The crew has no smart. Apparently spoiler alert Stevie live another day about growing, it's about you about a time in your life when your friends are more important in your family and your friends versus the movie is not his autobiography parallel. Jonah Hill was born in Los Angeles, the son of an accountant and address designer is a team that a lot of time on this, but he really wanted a life and show bit I accidentally fell into a 16 year acting career that I immensely was before, but it was an accident he was going to school and I was writing these one-act plays there and when I would talk to actors. I didn't have good bedside you I would be a quality saying it like I want to miss it and try chicken acting class to see how I like to be spoken to maybe help my skills as a director writer going in that acting class paid off early on, made a name for himself playing the loser but after a dozen or so comedy he was tired of everyone always asked him to be funny so soon, he also would like a lot of it's being mean to each other and I don't. I can't live like that on winter, we too sensitive to survive.

I think a lot of comedians don't make it because they have to pretend to be funny like that.

Always a funny old boss so he started doing some seriously good work like in Moneyball opposite Brad Pitt as the geeky numbers man on a mission to change baseball.

Your goal should be your goal should be to my wings and this role, put Jonah Hill himself differently best performance by an actor in a supporting role nominees are Jonah Hill in Moneyball. It was his first invite to the big dance and it wouldn't be, shall be placed at the seventh $2000 on a job for you.

Just two years later he had another big star and another Oscar not nominated for two Oscars. Both ceremonies you took your mom what's mom like as a date demanded.

She is great she put up with a tremendous amount that is definitely my way of like saying thank you. Is she whispering nice things in your air.

She's just talking to all the people I don't want her talking culture like getting aside even as an Oscar contender. Jonah Hill had his eyes on it different prize. So when you were on set for the super bad Moneyball Wolf of Wall Street. You are the whole time kind of taken notes. Yes I was and that I was an annoying mosquito on everybody's shoulder and I I am so grateful for their their education. Do you think the third Oscar nomination could be for directing. I don't think like that. Instead, like a skater learning a new trick. Jonah Hill really wants is the chance to keep trying for you with this film. What is success that I get to make all I want to do.

I love it love it so much 90s like when my best friend and when I say want to be back in the process.

It means I hope I get to have another benefit century after a legendary British explorer made his name in Antarctica, a modern-day admirer decided to follow in his footsteps. His story from Anthony Mason is maybe the most desolate landscape on the planets before he tried to cross Antarctica alone. In 2015 British explorer Henry Worsley got some advice think you're really lucky. You'll ever think tricking the vast frozen continent Worsley would say was like being an atom on an ice cube this.

This is as big as your oh yeah, journalist David Graham chronicles Worsley's expedition in his new book the white darkness. He arrived by the Whittlesey which is part of the Atlantic Ocean, and then he trekked 570 nautical miles to the south whole Worsley's inspiration was another British adventurer honored on the walls of the Explorers club in New York and this is Shackleton who is 100 Worsley reviewed so Sir Ernest Shackleton led three expeditions to Antarctica in the early 1900s Worsley, a descendent of one of Shackleton's crew became obsessed with his adventures. I really believe very strongly, and marriage. No stopping individual dreams. Henry's wife Joanna Worsley and their children Max and Alisha would write messages on his skis before his trips. Max encouraged him as you can see a ship that that was mine, but safe.

I didn't worry about him ever went out he was just invincible. Henry, a retired officer of the elite British commando unit. The SAS Worsley made his first trip to the Antarctic in 2008 as part of a three-man team reenacting Shackleton's journey to the South Pole.

His face said it told you that often see someone quite that half-day. He wasn't expecting to go back.

I was expecting him to get back why teletext seems to keep a lid seems to not let go. It got into thousand 15, Worsley planned a trip. No one had ever attempted crossing a thousand miles of Antarctica solo and unsupported all on November 13, 2015 in a satellite phone message. The 55-year-old explorer announced he was off calling of 325 pounds slab of food and supplies almost from the beginning everything ago he found himself one white out after another down and Worsley pressed all and after 51 days 656 miles reached the South Pole. You sent this postcard home from the US research station there. I will not get on what's what in satellite calls.

Joanna began to sense something was wrong. He cried quite a lot hit never done that.

She urged him to call to be airlifted out kid just said I know I can make it I will: please let me make that call on day 70 just 30 miles shy of making history. He finally did flown to a medical station he called Joanna to report he was safe and having a cup of tea. Willis yes Dr. soon realized Worsley had bacterial peritonitis, which is essentially an infection of the interlining wall in the tissue of the abdomen.

He went into septic shock and all his organs begin to feel two days later Henry Worsley died in surgery. He was posthumously awarded Britain's polar metal also given to his hero.

Shackleton's expedition flag was brought home to Joanna, who in time, went to the cold land that had claimed her husband didn't what he loved, and that didn't but you need to be that I needed to pay the in her grief. Joanna Worsley had doubted her husband's love. I was flattered that he loved and all you stand up black folk of gray for yeah and when I can little bit additives that black folk. I knew that I didn't believe that, and you knew the because if he had left Antarctic more than us. He would never make the cool is a lovely photograph way he has written in the snow. I Antarctic and I any of us, so that have to hit. Actually it's as if it took my breath away and I still take his stand.

I'm Jane Pauley. Thank you for listening and please join us again next Sunday morning. This is intelligence matters with former director of the CIA. Michael Morel bridge Colby is cofounder and principal of the Marathon initiative project focused on developing strategies to prepare the United States for your sustained great power competition states put her mind to something, we can usually figure it out what people are saying and what we can know analytically and empirically as our strategic situation or situations not being matched up with follow.

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