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I'm Jane Pauling. This is Sunday morning where beginning with the age-old debate over whether homosexuality is a behavioral choice or an inborn trait. Although researchers have long concluded it's part of a person's nature. There are still those insisting it's an affliction in need of a cure.

We call our cover story, God only knows it's reported by Aaron Moriarty and that is the mood state that sets you up for homosexual dangerous debunks practice that's happening right now all over America is happening in Sunday school classes.

It's happening at youth camps there is this underlying belief that a 10-year-old gay child needs to be repaired or converted later on Sunday morning. The secret world of gait conversion therapy, then it's on to our look back at that year of years 1968 as Richard Lassiter will remind us it was 50 years ago this month that is seemingly washed up politician made a comeback for the ages.

This is my last. Was in the 1960s Richard Nixon image problem was lost lost lost, but as former VP Walter Mondale remembers Nixon got some unexpected help you think Johnson wanted Nixon, 19 �68 setbacks for the nation become better. Richard Nixon Sunday morning headline making great escape from prison is about to be relived in a new television series and directing this most serious of stories is the comic actor Tony to Coble's been talking to mom has had a shadow cast and still are known for acting in and directing comedies has made a new problem but an will you help people get from this film.

I'm hoping that people get drawn into the world and I think we all to certain extent want to escape from part of our lives head on Sunday morning breakout with Ben Stiller sets down has a Veterans Day story about the wounds of war.

Serena also talked with Matthew Broderick and Kenneth Lonergan about a family saga on Broadway. Then Tracy finds pizza on the menu but far from Italy, and more coming up when our Sunday morning podcast continues sexuality choice and religion steer young people away from that choice.

I will cover story as reported by Aaron Moriarty of 48 hours all perfect goldens for Christian I deal man inside. Inside I was scared, broken, afraid it wasn't real.

I cried myself to sleep so many nights praying God, please change me 29-year-old Adam trimmer grew up outside Richmond, Virginia struggling to keep a secret from his deeply religious Southern Baptist parent.

I was hiding was singing in church was a missionary I did everything to try to be the best Christian and I would just wake up and still gay so it's 17 came out to his mother Paul that he said I am gay. I know I am gay and I just turned and looked to the side and tears just rolling down my face and I looked at him and I said Adam a man shall not lay with another man and haste I wanted him to know that it's in the Bible and you're going against God, and I remember hearing him tell somebody what I went to my mom instead of getting love and support. I got religion. A year later, after Adam was also rejected by his first love, a college, he attempted suicide. I was trying to leave this world while in the hospital a youth pastor suggested a controversial treatment known as reparative or conversion therapy that people never what was it called healing from homosexuality, even though it's been 45 years since the American psychiatric Association determined that homosexuality is not an illness that can be cured and estimated 700,000 adults in the US have received some kind of conversion therapy. Evangelical people essentially believe that homosexuality is a sin transgression against God's heart and mind. You are safe because God is with you, Stephen Mitchell, a pastor in Nashville, Tennessee, says conversion therapy is used every day. As he puts it to save souls, even those of children as young as 10 children are dealing with the fear that they might spend eternity tortured because of their natural way of being in the world. So to ask film do you want that you want to be gay restroom. Do you want to go to hell. To avoid that fate. Adam trimmer asked his family to help them pay for retreat with an organization called exit is international. The mission of Exodus was to help people who were same-sex attracted to not act on were here to listen to encourage Exodus was once the leader in the field, in part because of its charismatic director Alan Chambers. He refused to even say the word gay using the word gay. I am a person with same-sex attractions and why is that better because I felt like the even the world was caving in on something that we shouldn't cave Chambers was the organization's best advertisement he had undergone conversion therapy himself now had a wife and two children that can you help absolutely. I looked at it while this can really happen.

Lonely, frustrated, and that is the mood state that sets you up for homosexual enactment therapy is based on the belief that homosexuality is caused by nurture not nature. And so it can be reversed under hands. THERE are classes as depicted in the current movie boy arrays on how to act less gay is just a manly shape American orders are girly or feminine shape. Adam trimmer was introduced to something called title therapy intended to create a version to another man's touch and we cuddled a cousin with another man and this is supposed to help you get rid sorry okay and Adam, like most to go to conversion therapy was also told his homosexuality can be traced back to a troubled family relationship.

Usually for the boys will develop same sex attraction around the age of 2 1/2 or so. There's something that prevents him from his mother and attached himself to his father. In this case a distant father and overinvolved mother. The counselor looked at her.

Told her that she was so overbearing as a mother that she needed to let me go my do this is being told to a mother of a son who just try to kill himself. What did that therapy due to your relationship with that all but killed anyone have anything to do with me, Alex Cooper says that what she was subjected to when she was 15 almost killed her. When you say what you mean like this to the stomach. Raised in a loving Mormon home in Southern California.

When Cooper came out to her parents. They sent her to Utah to live with the couple recommended by church leaders who offered unlicensed therapy site is there to become Street your parents thought that this couple could turn you straight in a wild think that it's even a thing that goes through people's minds, but it happens every day. At first it was just meetings going through the gospel talking about why was there.

The giant terrible mind game, but the most unbearable part. Cooper says, was a backpack filled with rocks that she was forced to wear all day every day give an answer to how much weight you are carry think about 40 pounds and the point in the backpack was to represent the physical burden and pain of being the so-called therapy didn't change her sexual orientation. But Cooper says it broke her spirit and after several months she too tried to take her life. On my 16th birthday I was kind of like a gift to myself. I just took every pill in the house and I just remember being so excited to not be there. I was a pastor in a mega church and I was party to destroying these people. Pastor Stan Mitchell once himself some parishioners to conversion therapy. Do you have any idea of how many young people you had recommended go through conversion fairly hard to forget Rutherford body can't forget the damage he seen in the last four years I've done at least three or four funerals of people who took their life because of this issue since Mitchell began speaking out in 2015. He has lost two thirds of his congregation. The only thing I regret is I didn't do it sooner. People died while I was trying to find courage. As for the American medical and psychological associations. They warn against the use of conversion therapy and now more than a dozen states ban licensed therapists from using those practices on children, especially if you're a woman and you've got some friends who are gay.

Just be careful about the relationship but some powerful religious organizations such as Focus on the Family, say the government is going too far people to know that God changes people that leaving homosexuality is a possibility and that we should have the freedom to do so, the government shouldn't step between me and my counselor that's not the role Jeff Johnson the groups issues. Analysts insist don't want to be gay. Even children have the right to try to change but now the state has the right to limit any kind of therapy when there is some evidence that can be harmful. Now I know there's some outrageous things that happen in life like backpacks with rocks.

I know that's terrific but those are such wildly extreme examples and national were talking about in general. I have met dozens and dozens of people who have had deep change in deep transformation and that's why we continue to advocate for their freedom.

We haven't done everything right, but even the man who was once a living example of the power of conversion therapy admits he's never seen it work.

We put people Alan Chambers shut down Exodus in 2013. It didn't make me straight here. I am happily married to a woman for almost 21 years or so attracted that that hasn't gone away. You know, and it won't. Alex Cooper finally ran away from the home where she was laced Utah judge ruled she could return to her family and live as a gay woman. She's now 23 and shares an apartment with her girlfriend in Portland, Oregon. Where did you get that kind of strength they knew it. Happy felt like I grew up happy night. I just knew that I could have that again stand for Scrabble tonight. I think so and Adam trimmer with therapy on his own and says he is now trying to undo the damage today.

My mom and I have a restored relationship. The conversion therapy try to take away from us is been so powerful to reconnect with her. You have your church and your church tells you that homosexuality is wrong, but you got your son when I can answer that is I love God. I'm not going to change that and I love my son.

I'm not can it change that Ben Stiller has won plenty of laughs and comedies like meet the parents now with a new miniseries about a prison escape is looking to win notices of director is Tony to cope could be literally anywhere we leave no stone unturned in June 2015, a pair of convicted killers vanished from their cells inside a maximum-security prison in upstate New York and it seemed only a matter of time for their breeze and escape in the 23 day manhunt that followed got its Hollywood close was a traumatic event for not only members of this agency but also the community, but what might soon as you is just behind the close-up was out of the country. Shootings who enter to when it happens I wasn't as familiar with their Exuma a.k.a. Ben Stiller is one of the funniest that the story of three separate billion-dollar company franchises night at the Museum against car and parents, not to mention classics like there's something about Mary under the you and of course those about an airheaded male model team. This was confusing is sort of like was a big prison break. We should make this into a great drama you in regard that they look at it. Some people might think that this could actually be funnier than surrender to. I don't blame them for that because I would probably think that to know anything about what I was doing an open source as I don't know what's going on my head. As it turns out. Nothing was more serious than real life drama. The result is escapement data more seven part miniseries debuting next Sunday CBS's stars Benicia El Toro Richard Matt serving 25 years to life, kidnap and import and hold in what also sentenced to life motoring sure way prison. That's where you sleep with keeping their escape was help from a prison employee with a romantic appetite. Joyce Mitchell played by Patricia Arquette and I think she's bored she she's looking first to feel something was up and help you bring out the start I wasn't sure how he is as a director that he is really generous with doctors and gives you a lot of support and listens to your ideas really let you try them out in a really authentic way all those dollar and 52 directed this marks the first time he's taken on the job as a personal revelation directing about acting because you know who wants to direct me. Stiller says it was the nitty-gritty details of story, so much so that while filming on location last February make sure we saw the actual manhole cover were the two escapees emerged freedom. I just kept on coming back to fax what what what really happened. There was something that seemed kind of was unbelievable but it was true. That was something I wanted to try to include, so that people would have that reaction go clonic every true process, which still couldn't get permission to film inside the prison so he and his team build a full-scale replica of the cellblock were sweat and met their plan. First they pounded the wall when you look at what Bagley actually did it says then they cut their way into a steel pipe exactly like this one and then shimmied 15 feet cut a second to freedom.

The pipes around pipes do you view shimmied through as a director is going to have to he ought to know someplace parens her show business comedy grades. Jerry Stiller in the lead and mirror, but Ben didn't exactly dream following the family performing my monos thinking I want to be a director and be directed to the whole got a super eight camera at age 8 or nine through coming. I was the only option background lots of fake blood or make my sister throw up yogurt once in the elevator by way, you might want to put on a bathing suit will be channel surfing in no time. But after directing the 1996 movie Hollywood executives had a message for Ben Stiller, director of the message being found out. There is no message checking your messages, there's no message that you speak cable Guy was not ahead of the review of the times I think the first was with the first assessment of the rest of two years later there's something about Mary was a surprise hit beginning after Ben's career as a master of gross out humor and pain gags and you've looked at in the script and been like this not doing that.

Sure yeah those ones you didn't see, I am sorry Larry still brought comedy has always coexisted more seriously. Stiller says he's proud what he now admits humor may have to take a backseat. I'm not really that interested in doing that, stuff such as were about my wife Mount always seen a kind of semi retirement from comedy possibly going to known smirk that always goes well for actors will announce a retirement doesn't even so escape at dinner.

Moore does sound more and more like escape for Ben Stiller to his great escape for sure.

I love directed to be very happy to do this as long as I can do it sure is nice. I on this 100th anniversary of the end of World War I set Stonehouse a story about a veteran of World War II, still grappling with the wounds of war. This 94-year-old security from Pennsylvania all the way to a tiny grave in Cologne, Germany. These deeply personal. He never met Katerina Esser yet always feared her death might be his fault.

What were you thinking when you were at her grave scope forgiveness of her a shot that still haunts him within 70 years after he fired World War II at the time Clarence Moyer was a gunner with the Russian armies third armored division come ashore in Normandy. Three weeks after D-Day crisscrossed France, Belgium, and in March 1945 the fight to capture the key city of Cologne lay ahead got on the radio gentlemen I give you Cologne was not all incredibly Army photographer Jim Bates who was documenting the Allied advance filmed Clarence Moyer's Pershing tank in a battle with the German Panzer fight that's now seared in this Moyer's mind, so movement over my left fired over Pershing Shoals. The corner of the building a look. This court right down the street from our car. Katerina Esser was a grocery store clerk young girl Street. There still alive shot so the medic further treatment or the woofer line beside the car hold on we went to that street bustling into's Moyer almost unrecognizable was the film that jog your memory. He admits he's a little confused between what he recalls from that day versus what he later saw in that film stored away for decades. The national archives for remember seeing her hair. I remember her eyes he heard somebody say they've uncovered the film of the third armored division fighting in Cologne.

I think that your tank and he plugged it into his VHS player.

The war came back to author and historian Adam Nacos is writing a book spearhead out in February which chronicles Clarence Moyer's battles through Europe.

Clarence had seen a a lot of death and destruction, but it was this moment in Cologne that state. I think there was something about Cologne. It's a narrow streets was close urban warfare. They're worried about guns dug into the basement you have German soldiers and snipers moving through tunnels through the walls of the houses and then on top of that you have to worry about a German tank coming around the corner inside the German tank, which also fired toward Esther's car was about gunner Gustav Schaefer's Moyer met years after the war and befriended the former fighters from both sides were united by the fear they been the one who killed Katerina Esser while working on the book author Adam Nacos also developed a friendship with's Moyer and tried to help the man he sees is a war hero come to terms with the past and so the more he watches the film, the more he replaces mine the deeper it sinks in the house.

Part of him you'll think World War II veterans is holding onto something like this suffer just like the guys in the modern wars. Nacos set up a dinner in Cologne's Moyer could meet some of Katerina Esser's extended family including her niece Lenny 83. The shared stories and toasted to her memory comes through my grandmother, Mark Hieronymus has a PhD in history and is a relative of Esser. It was a nice friendly meeting, but this is a man who is responsible for taking the life of your great you know is the really responsible in the wall like the second world war. The war like this before the Lord, you is the responsibility fall for the death of 1000 things, more than 70 years later. What he acknowledged was likely his last trip he went up to the top of Cologne's Cathedral to look out over a now peaceful city it's been rebuilt down in the nave of the Cathedral. He took another moment to reflect much of her probably have to forgive yourself. Just he still has nightmares and admits there were still tears. This veteran is proud of his service, but says the battle never truly goes away 1968 was a year filled with twists and turns, including a dramatic turn of fortune 50 years ago this month with the election of a politician who would all but written himself off years before Richard's lesson just looks back around. It was hard to imagine 62 Richard Nixon would be worth kicking around anymore, lost one lecture and he just lost the second election to be governor of California. Even Pat Buchanan who would become one of Nixon's speechwriters knew rehabilitating him would be tough was a looser lost lost lost. The only way you get rid of this loser is, but by 1968. The stage was being set for a law and order candidate like Richard Nixon. The country was prerevolutionary 1968. Historian Evan Thomas is the author of being mixed race riots rise on campuses was divided in a way that it not that since the Civil War worse than it is today. Nixon's main Republican rivals George Romney or Nelson Rockefeller dropped out. Nixon was lucky in that the publican party was falling apart around Nixon. You'll always there to fill the vacuum also was lucky or good all great politicians are lucky and go to Nixon was both lucky for Nixon. The Democrats were being divided on the left by the Vietnam war and on the right, by George Wallace was siphoning off owners attracted by his race-based populism. Second round again, but he still had a lot of kick left lost elections in the back with. I hope to come back to when the plan was to run against Linda Johnson, the incumbent president just two months after Nixon got into the race. I will not. Luckily for him, and I will not everything changed the nomination of my party for another term. Your brother Patrick Buchanan told Dixon that Johnson had dropped out to seem surprised we were stopped. Nixon accepted the Republican nomination in August 1968, just weeks before his biggest break yet Democrats had their lab at his convention cargo outside delegates were sought cells. Nixon loved every minute of the Democratic convention don't like those crazy Democrats are not riots in the streets like me and I'll bring some order in quiet VP Humphrey won the Democratic nomination, but his old friend Sen. Walter Mondale members didn't mean much to me had his chance, worthless, proved to be worth something about that time portions. By contrast, Nixon's campaign ran with military grade discipline traveled with an entourage of managers and message been overseen by John Mitchell to operate/preparation time. It was all working. Nixon was way up in the polls until September 30 you would Humphrey turn the tide with this speech.

Humphrey repudiated Lyndon Johnson's war policy. I stop the bombing as an acceptable risk. The announcement would narrow the polls dramatically. Nixon immediately had an unexpected order for his personal aide Dwight Chapin Pres. Johnson on the phone said to me, I have no idea what to do. So I asked Rose Woods was Lexis or call 456-1414 Morrison White House White House number and asked to speak to the present Pres. Johnson was recording the call as Nixon discussed Humphrey speech did you have a sense of how strange that coal was I filled was one of the most intriguing political maneuvers that I have ever heard Richard Nixon to be calling Lyndon Johnson and he's telling the president I'm with you. Not exactly the words, but implying that Mondale thinks it's evidence that Johnson might have been against his own party's nominee's own vice president. Do you think Johnson wanted Humphrey to win baby and I'm not sure. I think at the end of the last two weeks he will but I think the early part of the campaign.

He was mad at Humphrey thought Humphrey will bring what will love you think Johnson wanted Nixon. I thought so for well because he was doing things to help Nixon Johnson ended up helping Humphrey come within a hair of winning this speech five days before the election. I have now ordered that all their naval and artillery bombardment of North Vietnam. Please lost comprehensive momentum. I thought we could make those must've been very heady days. Yes, Minnesota present almost did Nixon held win by just about 500,000 over the top. Richard Nixon had no bitter defeat in elections even closer than this, and he was magnanimous in victory. Nixon had Dwight Chapin set up a meeting with Humphrey just days after the election, and as the meeting ended. Chapin saw side of Nixon you others ever saw the man have their arms around one another. Humphrey was sobbing. Nixon was patting him on the back. St. Hubert you know everything is going okay your marital can have a great life. Humphrey chokes out if there's anything that I can never do I want to be doing it for you. It was such a poignant new production that shines a light on the frailty of age. Serena also sent us a seat and you take the place in the front story family relationship and grandmother's last years in decline. Writer Kenneth Lonergan's Waverley Gallery just opened on Broadway beginnings traced back to 1970, when the lines of two teenagers and a gallery owner intersected in New York's Greenwich Village with his family. Matthew is childhood friend celebrated Dr. Brodrick. I grew up a few blocks right down the street across the street from the Waverley Gallery that I would see his grandmother in their before and Kenny at 15 p.m. Kenny met in school additions for Midsummer nights dream.

Almost immediately they began taking note of who got what role much bigger part of the better part using some on your Dimitri is although he had the chops to perform even Shakespeare. Lonergan didn't stick with that thing yes or writing plays. I guess in ninth grade and I was interested in writing all through high school really. In fact, he went on to write and direct a movie 2000 count on me right me for sex for movie director as well say goodbye. The material forever for the writer all the while he was writing plays. Of course, like the starry messenger featuring Brodrick Lonergan's wife, Jay Smith, Cameron, and last year's Manchester by the Sea not earned Lonergan Academy award for best original green play and best director, not Margaret. Are you reading and constant films I semi's star Powell to finally meet you Patrick. Always a supporting role little teeny I just walked by his side. Their support for each other is unwavering, so it's no surprise that Brodrick was there when Lonergan's once vibrant grandmother began showing signs of dementia. It was very gradual, so you know, I know about thinking. Her dog was still alive was not as broke my heart that she had to be told again that her dog is dead. She forgot thing right here, though there were that's I don't write this paper I write speeches protection agency Waverley Gallery first staged in 2000 was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize and drama next year. Yeah, the mother is played by the Tony award winning actress Joan Allen Lucas Hedges plays a version of the young Lonergan asked for the grandmother wants the legendary comedy writer and actress Elaine May. She last appeared on Broadway.

More than 50 years ago with another legend, Mike Nichols is incredible. The part why was she perfect.

This is uncanny residence. Elaine characters is playing in my grandmother and Brodrick says her performance shows anguish. That's usually kept private is rare that somebody has held up glass up to like that intensely and not accurately understand that they don't understand they don't see themselves as someone who should be put on the show that Kenneth Monaghan's works and that the Waverley Gallery might just is best so far. Of course you Brodrick sees them only as a best friend can. I love all of them to tell you that you really can't think and I can't pick from his three wonderful movies like all of them.

I like the person.

We did have a larger part, I'm Jane Pauley. Thank you for listening and please join us again next Sunday morning with Gary this week. Stephen Long live Mitch McConnell in one of Washington's biggest midterm money list for me to sit races you think Republicans have the best chance of taking a democratic seed with Nevada not Georgia. Georgia is right up there with New Hampshire's surprise, New Hampshire people really just don't like you have for more from this week's conversation followed the take-out with Maj. Garrett on Apple podcasts forever. You get your podcasts