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Miss America's Everlasting Battle With Itself

Our American Stories / Lee Habeeb
The Cross Radio
October 14, 2022 3:00 am

Miss America's Everlasting Battle With Itself

Our American Stories / Lee Habeeb

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October 14, 2022 3:00 am

On this episode of Our American Stories, The Miss America Organization has been around for over a century... but through these many years, the pageant has had to conquer a seemingly constant battle to stay accepted and relevant. Here's Amy Argetsinger, author of "There She Was: The Secret History of Miss America", with the full, untold story of Miss America.

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Simply go to Geico.com or contact your local agent today. This is Lee Habib Mrs. Bell American stories to show where America is the star and the American people search for the all American stories podcast the iHeartRadio the Apple podcast forever. You the Miss America pageant is been around for over a century through these many years.

The pageant is to conquer the seemingly spell time accepted and to speak that you hear from all of their she was the secret history of Miss America telling us all about this cultural icon that's been written into the American story in the American heart. There is a full untold story of Miss America beginnings user backlash events and winters help shape along with hope pageant which they call the Miss America pageant first started in 1921, there wasn't really any grand scheme here it was just a sideshow. Atlantic City wanted to keep the tourists coming after Labor Day and they decided to have a great big ball frolic festival dancing.

They had parades and one of the stunts to get people from other cities to come in was having a beauty contest was to get a bunch of cities, newspapers and cities that were essentially a train ride away to send their most beautiful girl and these newspapers in different cities, Pittsburgh, Camdenton, Washington DC and LCF, they would have their most pitiful girl contest where people vote.

Judges decide which girlhood sent the following is most beautiful. Send her to Atlantic City beauty pageant before kind of thing you might see at the seashore. The idea of having women who are representing different cities. That was a totally new idea and also the other new part was that they were in swimsuits. So what started out to be a great big community festival forest event got all the attention that here was the beauty pageant regional newspapers covered very closely and it was a huge winner that here was very young woman named Margaret Gorman who is Miss Washington DC. She is the youngest woman. The competition should look like Mary Pickford who is the big silent movie star. The time she had long golden curls. This is a time when you know it was the flapper era.

A lot of young women were bobbing their hair and live anxiety about change in identity and people in Atlantic City. They love the fact that this is an old-fashioned girl so wasn't a mission that first year it was just a tourist trap is just a gimmick, but they kinda started to fumble their way to their mission. That first year when everyone gravitated to this young, seemingly very innocent, naïve, unspoiled girl, and that became kind of the those that pervaded Miss America is all about being wholesome and good parent, not just pretty pretty of courses departed was a little controversial in its early years in Ashley got shut down in the late 20s after several very successful years because the business owners of Atlantic City thought it was just a little bit sleazy. They didn't like this whole idea of these young women putting themselves in the spotlight trying to get publicity so Miss America to survive it had to kind of conform to a certain notion of wholesomeness and respectability. There was a new director of woman named Lenora slaughter was a very proper southern lady from Florida who came up to run the pageant and she basically wanted to clean up its image and she did this by getting local church women to be chaperones by establishing all of these rules of behavior like you couldn't be alone with a man you know you had to have a curfew and she also connected the pageant with the local Junior chambers of commerce, which later became known as the Jaycees which were these very wholesome small town organizations filled with no pillar of the community type young man.

She basically got these organizations to run the local pageants in the state pageant led to Miss America before that.

You know sometimes it would just be kind of like these fly-by-night sleazy carnival operators that might be running. You know, Miss New Jersey or something. She got rid of all that she cleaned it out. She kind of white gloves on the whole organization and presented everyone as very respectable and striving to very small town middle-class virtues and by the time the 1950s rolled around. It had very much fallen in line. The entire organization. It is college women find large that attach themselves to scholarships they had promoted these ideas. It wasn't just about having a great swimsuit body. It was about winning a college scholarship and added interviews and they had added talent competitions to it so that it wasn't just about young women in their bathing suits became a big brand name pretty quickly in the 20s and 30s, but it wasn't until 1954 that they put it on television and that is when Miss America really took off.

That was the dawn of television, of course, all the networks were looking for ways to lock in all the local channels that were attaching to their syndicates and they wanted to have like a lot of really exciting live programming they had quite realized that no sitcoms are fine. Reruns are great like it was all about having something live in spectacular Miss America organization actually resisted this for a couple of years because they worried that if the pageant was on TV. Well, they lose all of that to get revenue from the people in Philadelphia who would just stay at home to watch instead of coming on down to the convention hall so ABC which is the first network and to really convince them. Okay were gonna give you a really good sponsorship deal and so they finally agreed to do it and it was an immediate sensation and you been listening to Amy Argersinger telling the story of Miss America and when we come back mortgage American icon is American brand on our American stories American stories we bring you inspiring stories of history, sports, business, faith and love stories from the great and beautiful country to be told we can't do it without you are stories are free to listen to are not free to make you love are stories in America like we do. Please. Well American stories.com and click the donate button give a little before the great American stories coming American stories.com fall is here, which means it's time to refresh your closet and sex affect is the perfect place to do just that.

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Many died very suddenly of a stroke so when Lee was crowned Miss America back then. She had never seen a Miss America pageant. She didn't really know is happening. So when they put the sash on her and she realized that this mentions the winter she looks up crying and she said I hope Danny that he can see.

I hope she starts crying. Lee had no idea she was on television at that moment. This is the first year the shows on TV that the cameras really discrete but it's all live on TV and she's crying and then her mother comes on and tells her. Stop your sniveling lady and she still crying. All aired on TV live and people lost their mind because it was so raw. It was so emotional. It was so real they never seen anything like this. This is one of the biggest shows on television. It was Oscar's the Super Bowl which come along for another decade. Miss America and in the 60s and 70s is often the biggest shows the entire year and people of the sun could understand what this was. They got caught up in the competition and in a lot of ways it was the first reality TV here was from a young woman being catapulted now that became the actual tax the actual drama of the show.

The people watching live on television and became truly a popular culture phenomenon just watched by millions of people of his appointment. Television it had suddenly reach this level of respectability and very much talked about as upstanding young women that continued for a good 15 years after it was on television, but in the 70s there was a creeping cynicism about America.

So in 1968.

There is an organization called New York radical. These were women who had been part of a lot of the protest movements of the day. They had been marching for civil rights and marching against the Vietnam War that they found themselves being very marginalized within these movements by men. They were the ones who are off doing a lot of the hard work of organizing that it was the men who got all the credit and they got radicalized by this is the title to tell you and they decided they would take these skills and lead this on push for women's rights for women's liberation is the phrase less than they knew they had to make a splash and at that time Miss America was one of the biggest events of the year. One of the biggest TV shows and they decided that the pageant in September 1968 would be a fantastic place to lodge a protest. They descended on Atlantic City and they had signs. No more Miss America or against the well bird parks referring to the long time and see they had a sheet wearing a beauty pageant sash.

They might even like an effigy of Miss America.

It was a real spectacle. It still all the attention from poor little Judy Ford, Miss Illinois, the woman who who won the pageant that year she had a spectacular bouffant that statements play, so she was doing her trampoline act that the protest still all the attention and is the first time anyone had raised questions for some anyone really said what are you doing here you're parading these young women in their swimsuits like some kind of cattle auction. You also set a more creeping cynicism with journalism in the 1970s there be certain. A raised eyebrow, like what is this really about sense of mockery and again the injury in question like what are these women doing here what is this about, you know, is there being objective five and it led to a lot of soul-searching within the Miss America organization and the women's movement moved on. They made their point. They had put themselves on the map and then bigger targets to go after. Following that, that really was a blow it was a moon for Miss America. They really felt threatened by this is the first time anyone had raised questions about the meaning of their institution and it led to long. Soul-searching and angst about what they should do and how they should react to this movement and how they should change to suit a new generation through the 60s. This is really a competition for 18-year-olds 19-year-olds that one impact indirect impact of the women's movement is that you had these competitors who were feeling a little more empowered and there are more competitive and they would keep competing you know after even after their 18 or 19.

They would come back the next year and try and try again. And so you had this generation of older, more mature, more confident Miss America is and they were interesting women who had stuff to say and they ended up kind of keeping the attention of the media, even if there was an undercurrent of skepticism about pageants.

The pageant still got a lot of news coverage. People are very interested in the outcome. And every time you had a new Miss America. There is this sense of well here's our new ideal what is she tell us about young womanhood in 1973 or 1978. The packet remains huge. It was still a big, big TV show big annual event deep into the 1970s, the networks would fight over who had the rights to broadcast it and they would throw millions of dollars at the pageant is incredibly lucrative endeavor and pageant culture continued to be huge you been listening to tell the story of Miss America in the end it's a story about American history but American cultural history and how the pageant changed because of the America change change for us though there were these big riots and protests and 68, it was still over coveted piece of wire programming by network television well into the 70s and was so interesting is stored.

You know if your Jersey shore personal you know Long Island or the northern beaches pretty much beaches and ends labored.

What is Atlantic City do comes up with an idea to bring people back in late September and it's just entrepreneurs trying to figure out the next thing and ultimately because it seems a little sleazy just parading girls around bikinis will be bringing the church ladies would bring in all kinds of folks to make it a more palpable project in a more palpable piece of programming for mainstream America, which happened did very well in the 20s and 30s but then came TV in 1954 and 27 million people watched Lee Meriwether Miss America when we come back more of this remarkable story how Miss America came to be, how it survived deep cultural changes to our American stores fall is here, which means it's time to refresh your closet and sex affect is the perfect place to do just that. Let your style take off the spell and chic faux leather jackets, cool, chunky boots, trendy totes and more. Update your wardrobe now designer names like Stella McCartney, Chloe Stewart Weitzman Vince machine. Oh, and more so you can get everything you want at Saks fifth all the price you'll love discover all of the fall fashion essentials and up to 70% off@saks5.com or at a sex offense store near you.

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American stories in the story of the cultural room for over a century.

Ms. continue the story some of the past winners and the ways in which the chain the entire view of the pension for start his crown in 1970 and Phyllis was a game changer for Miss America but for women in general. If she was at Texas beauty queen just kind of you know, the typical all-American girl cheerleader played piano wanted to be a teacher that she just had this big personality. I mean, is also great-looking.

She is also a talented that she had this really dazzling personality allotments. America's nightmare they would get to the end of their year and they ready to go back home to finish college to get married, whatever, and go back into quiet lives. Phyllis, though got a taste of ambition and celebrity during her years Miss America and decided that she wanted more than what her plan had been so she she went to New York.

The funny thing about her that was that this was an actress. She wasn't a singer that she could no handle to find enough talented and piano, but let's face it, she will be a concert pianist. So she is just trying to make it as something in New York.

She was doing a lot of TV commercials and trying out sitcoms when she had going out to meet the president of CBS sports what was happening at the time was it CBSSports is trying to catch up with ABC sports which had been doing some really thrilling work.

Wide World of Sports and all the schematics of the Olympics city is going to catch up in their thinking. We do this in there realizing the missing element was women, both in terms of who is on TV and who the viewers were and this one executive thought. I want to have a woman in the announcers box and tried with one other woman who had was a serious sports journalist and it didn't really work out.

There's a lot of backlash and he ended up meeting Phyllis and they talked for 30 minutes is just making chit chat with her is like so you know much about sports and Phyllis as well. I've dated a lot of athletes so she is so charming and so funny and could keep a conversation going after 30 minutes the officer job and so she ends up being a sports commentator and very successful very quickly. Credible communication skills, some of which she learned from being Miss America, some of which had helped her win Miss America and she would end up doing these softer side stories, no profiles of athletes talking them at their homes.

Finding out about their hobbies were all really just that stuff now, but that was really new and fresh and different so she being a real glass ceiling breaker in sports broadcasting for women. She was she was the first really have success there issues on a regular show there is a huge hit called and fell today.

She is the first woman to commentary during the Super Bowl is just this incredible skyrocketing career and I think a lot of the guys who watched or had no idea she'd even been Miss America that had been very much a launching pad thing that led her to try to reach greater ambitions and you also saw that other Miss America's other women going into pageants, began to see that as a career path.

There's always a question like Miss America. What is that even mean in especially for not like actress Sarah Singer.

What is it mean and what you do with that. Well, Phyllis, found that path and was Phyllis's success in weight became kind of training ground for this kind of thing, and since then we've had so many female broadcasters came from the world pageants because yeah walking around in a swimsuit as part of it, but a lot of it is being able to think on your feet, answer questions and from the microphone to keep a line of conversation going and this was a skill set that was perfected in the pension system through the 60s and even with Phyllis George the media coverage was very light is very puffy.

They basically wanted to know if the new Miss America had any patents that she had a boyfriend. You know what her beauty secrets were and if anyone ever tried to ask Miss America what she thought about politics that reporter would be shut down one of them I think is Debbie Bryant in 1965. Reporter tried to ask about the fact that there had never been any African-American contestants and what did she think about this Lenora slaughter the head of the pageant dragged Debbie the new Miss America out of the room and basically shouted at the reporters should have answer questions like that she's not the president is just all coached one where the other. Do not answer these questions don't go there. Don't go where there's any controversy because their thinking.

What about advertisers but about the volunteers. We don't want to offend anyone and suddenly you have these Miss America's who had a certain maturity life experience and did career goals Lori Lee Schaefer. The typical baby boom Miss America know she wore her hair flip she's made it clear that she did not believe in marijuana or premarital sex. She was a big Nixon fan. She said she had never owned a pair of blue jeans all the stereotypes you have of the very prim old-fashioned beauty queen. She was a little bit older, she was the first Miss America in many years to already have a college degree she'd been trying for three or four years to become Miss Ohio. She went into this a lot more maturity when the journalist started asking her these questions she kind of thought.

This is really cool that they're interested in what I think Lori insisted that she be allowed to answer these questions she had political views that she felt strongly about. She had lived through campus protests.

She was a member of the ladies auxiliary for ROTC.

She had had unpleasant experiences of campus protesters said she had strong feelings that she came by honestly and she didn't want to say no, she wanted to say what she thought about Vietnam about the troops about Richard Nixon and so she did and the press was fascinated and they'd ask for more questions and she would hold forth on this engine very nuanced views on some topics you never had a Miss America could talk that forthrightly in later years it became a ritual where it was almost like a litmus test every Miss America get what you think about abortion. What you think about marijuana, but that wasn't always the case. Lori made that happen, and it was interesting for journalists because you know the baby boom was in full flourish. It was a time when everyone is trying to figure out what's up with the kids these days one of the young people want and you have a Miss America who theoretically she's been crowned as some kind of ideal, and so okay, here she is. She's a representative of young America.

What is she thing and Lori showed that this is one way Miss America can be somewhat useful.

By stepping up and answering these questions and playing that role of youth ambassador and you been listening to Birgit Singer in her book there. She was the secret history of Miss America is what were talking about is the story of how Miss America came to be and how it changed Phyllis George Wheeler changed everything and anybody who's around you were older know what Phyllis George did and she broke the mold sports broadcaster CBS trying to compete with the machine when Aldrich built that ABC and then comes Lori Lee Schaefer Miss America was allowed to have opinions about things other than her favorite color when we come back more of this remarkable story of how Miss America came to be, how it changed, survived and thrived here on our American stories fall is here, which means it's time to refresh your closet and sex affect is the perfect place to do just that.

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It can seem confusing, but it doesn't have to be this would UHC Medicare helpful and's.com to learn more United healthcare helping people live healthier lives and were back with our American stories with the final portion of the story of the constant ever-changing Miss America pageant back payment targeting cell in the late 80s Miss America organization is a man named Leonard Horn was trial attorney of all things, and many came to Miss America as a volunteer like a lot of Atlantic City people and he became concerned that there wasn't enough for Miss America is to do their basically standing around looking pretty at sponsors events. They were signing autographs and drugstores and things like that on behalf of Gillette and he just thought it was kind of tawdry and as it happened, that was when a woman named King Lonnie Ray Rasco was crowned Miss America, 1980 7K Lonnie at this spectacular talent of Tahitian dance really dazzling, but she was also a very serious young woman she is and oncology nurse who was getting a graduate degree which is already working as a nurse and she had a lot of interesting life experience, and she felt very strongly about the importance of bringing more people into the nursing profession so when she was Miss America she was going around.

She was time to charity gala as she was signing signatures and drugstores and appearing at passion. Just know that that she was also scheduling time to go into schools and given speeches about the importance of nursing careers.

What the media love. This is likes incredibly interesting and unexpected different Leonard for the director of Miss America thought this is amazing.

This is really elevating Miss America. This is giving us more of a sense of mission and so he decided to make that a formal part of what Miss America's would do so. A couple years later he set a new rule that they would have to have a cause, a platform and going into the 90s.

This really didn't do a lot Miss America.

I think it kind gave it a new lease on life gave it a bit of respectability you had contestants who were talking about homelessness there. Talk about education. They were talking about a they were talking about all kinds of issues and there are a number of organizations that were truly excited about this Nicole Johnson actually had diabetes and had to wear a diabetes pump during competition. She ended up partnering with groups like JDR F were very excited to have this kind of spokesperson for their cause Miss America a lot of dignity and a lot of sense of mission. A lot of people always love the story of Heather Whitestone who was hard of hearing. Miss America the first Miss America with the disability she was a young woman who socially had trouble fitting in. Sheesh is typically going to mainstream schools and because she couldn't hear often just was not part of the conversation. She always felt bad that people would talk to her and she just didn't recognize the people thought she was aloof, but she got in the pageants and that's where she found a lot of her friendships and her sense of community when she became Miss America her crowning was rather dramatic, because she couldn't hear them calling her name. She had hearing aids, but they didn't work so well in situation like that she could read lips, but is really just be filled in reading the name that he was standing behind her. She had no idea that she was Miss America until her first runner-up.

Basically looked her in the eyes. You and another great TV moment and that was a high moment for his ratings in the 90s pageant.

Of course it's smaller these days but Miss America kind of put itself up on this pedestal so we think about it in different terms in week we talk about its relevance to realize it's kind of crazy. It's like there is a time when like TV variety shows a big deal and that was in the splint Miss America was a big deal so how is it that Miss America even still exists. There is like no other pop culture icon in the 1920s that is still a thing today except for Mickey Mouse Mickey Mouse Miss America and that's basically it. You know, why did it. Why did last so long. I think that's kind of the compelling thing about it and I really do think a lot of that is because of the young women who competed in the young women anytime there is any change in the organization to make it more interesting. It wasn't because of the producers or the directors jazzing it up as they tried you now changing the rules and having Colin voters in you now saying that they had to be barefoot for the swimsuit or you know, adding the platforms all the stuff is just window dressing.

The thing that People interested was the young women and how they evolved, whether it was innocent and groundbreaking like Bess Meyerson the first Jewish Miss America or Vanessa Williams. The first African-American Miss America in between some Miss America's whose names people don't really know any more. Who were modern or provocative who push things forward.

You want to bet these who refuse to wear a swimsuit for the sponsors back in 1950 or women like Lori Lee Schaefer, Terry Newson, who were little bit older and they were strident, outgoing baby boomers who are willing to talk about politics in the 1970s or women in the 90s lightly and the cornet and Kate Schendel became AIDS activists. These are the women who brought like texture and energy and dynamism to what was it inherently dated and strange format. Miss America's were changing because young women in our society will change and that became a compelling narrative for us in the viewing public to follow and we did you I think the biggest surprise for a lot of people is to realize the extent that it was a very fervent culture and these women were competing over and over again and it wasn't just that they are competing year after year they were competing week after week.

Some cases they might compete at three or four local competitions and what you have happen. There is even though it sounds a little obsessive or weird. It's actually the formation of the community and meanwhile there returning again and again a competition seeing the same people. He time after time and is these are women who have something in common with sure their rivals, but there also colleagues in a way, great crazy scene of people were all dressed up. But there also like carrying Stadium cups of beer because it's just a big convention center waving signs with their girls face on it and everything that you know it's it's a sporting event and even while you think you're there, kind of, to laugh at it you get caught up in the competition to get caught up in the horse race and I remember describing this to my uncle.

My uncle is a racecar driver. He said to me don't get it. I don't understand these women why they do this and I explained to him you know going for personal best. There trying and trying. They like the sense of competition they go around on the circuit.

They see the same people as a familiarity and he looked at me. He said it's a sport I get it that's right, it's a sport. These women there. They had a very pragmatic attitude. There there wearing sweats. There pulling you know the roller bags with makeup or whatever around and it's like it's more like you know the half marathoning circuit or like Masters swimming or something like that except that there wearing no eyelashes. It's just another sport and its survival is pretty remarkable job on the production room medicine. Special thanks to all through their she was the secret history of Miss America your local bookstore or Amazon or wherever you get your books. We love celebrating authors. By all means pick up the book so much more.

There we learn about with my goodness over some other game changers to pay want a really rough go. For instance, an oncology nurse. The idea that while these winners close most causes going to be over charities and other political causes. Other Whitestone was fifth and didn't hear the call. Regis (Miss America moment on live TV. What we learn in the end is this is a competition, the spirit of sport.

These girls go out on the circuit but get to know one another local circuit. The state circuit.

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