EP276: Trapped Inside a Tube: The Iron Lung Story and Benjamin Rush, Founding Father and Father of American Psychiatry

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Some of our favorites next to a great history story in all of our history stories brought to us by the grateful to college in 1927 the iron lung was invented this machine help keep people alive wish polio disease, which today is mostly eradicated in the late 1940s disabled an average of more than 35,000 people year as our own Monty Montgomery with the story of this lifesaving device.

In the first half of the 20th century there was nothing quite like polio, you're staring classwork of the mobile medical Museum with one that polio was a really serious virus that affected mainly young children, children between the ages of five and nine through the mid-1950s, the peak year was 1952, 58,000 47,005, 55 polio small lead to the vaccine was developed in 1955 before June so discovered that texting only way to mitigate the effects of advanced polio device known as iron lung it's used for. When people develop paralytic polio, about 5000 cases and it paralyzes your diaphragm and your unable to breathe independently.

What is this, it is a respirator that you are supposed to stay inside your strap down your lying on your back, your immobile your head is resting on this pillow and when this is close they lock it up so nowhere circulating on the inside of this machine and this electric motor is going to turn this bellows back and forth has a handling case, the motor breaks down you can manually operated.

But what's not what that's going to do is create negative pressure on the inside of the machine and this is actually how your lungs and your respiratory system are supposed to work but since there's lower pressure on the inside of the machine outside that is going to actually force air through your trachea and into your lungs and then when you're inside your sea stay inside basically 24 seven fully recover and meanwhile nurses are providing care for you through these portholes watching you off massaging your plans changing your bedpan. There's a wider hole on the other side. They were very costly, like in the 1930s is one of these cost $1500 which was as much as a single family home and you know this is before health insurance and so not everybody could afford one. Hospitals invested heavily in and they were, you know, very common during Sarah not meant as a permanent treatment but some people ended up using it for the rest of their lives because they never recover. Like Fredericks, not the subject of much media attention at the time due to the iron lungs: quote new factor was born on September 22, weighing 8 pounds site has lived in an online all you baby his childhood sweetheart love you and now he is a proud father of his on magazine covers a call in the man in the iron lung and Fredericks night was one of those people who never recover.

And he spent the rest of his life in the iron lung until he died of heart and lung failure.

It's very hard in your body to be as you can imagine, motionless, stuck inside all the time. By 1959, there were still 1200 people using the car loan by 2004 there were 39 x 2014 only 10 people were still using iron lung daily basis. Today, there is about three often we get people that come in here older people who remember growing up and seeing somebody who had one of these in their home. You know somebody being treated in their home in an iron lung, you know these are not made or manufactured anymore or serviced anymore and so if you do get an advanced case.

Polio you are more likely to be given a portable respirator that allows you freedom of movement better access to your caregiver.

But these individuals fell that they were getting better results with the iron lung so they were fortunate to have people in their family who could jerryrigged it and keep it running for them and that's what they used on a daily basis close to becoming only a museum piece iron lungs are a reminder of the dark time in the past, but there are also proof of how far we've come in less than a century hour American stories I Monty Montgomery and great job as always, to Monty, who himself is a Hillsdale grad.

Special thanks to Darren classwork. The mobile medical Museum. What a piece of history. This is medical history and all of our history stories brought was by the great folks at Hillsdale College.

You go to learn all the things that are good in life and all the things that are beautiful life you can get the Hillsdale Hillsdale will come to you with a free and terrific online courses go to Hillsdale.edu Hillsdale.edu since 1988 polio cases worldwide have gone down 99%.

The number of cases in 2017 was a mere 22 then compare that to 35,000 a year being paralyzed or disabled just in this country story of the iron lung here on our American stories view of the great American stories we tell and love America like we do for asking you to become a part of the all American stories family. If you agree that America is a good and great country. Please make a donation monthly gift of $17.76 is fast becoming a favorite option for support allow American stories.com now go to the donate button and help us keep the great American stories coming out American stories.com. Millions will make Medicare coverage decisions for next year and United healthcare can help you feel confident about your choices for those eligible Medicare annual enrollment runs from October 15 through December 7.

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There's nothing more daunting and facing piles and piles of laundry that need to be Darren can be overwhelming for anyone. If you want to get those larger laundry loads down right and get back to your life. Try all free clear maggot packs all three clear mega packs are bigger packs two times the cleaning ingredients compared to a regular pack so that you can tackle any laundry load without the worry free, clear, mega packs are also 100% free of perfumes and dyes and their dental and skin which is great for any family sensitive skin needs my family. We definitely have sentence again the next time the whole family gets home from long vacation or you get the kids back from summer camp or whatever the situation as that's cause this big pile of dirty clothes all free clear maggot packs have your back purchase all free clear maggot packs today and conquer any laundry load for all fabric types we continue with our American stories about next to one of our favorite regular subject American history Dr. Benjamin Rush is America's forgotten film and phone the signature of the Declaration of Independence comes before that other famous metaphors would be in Franklin the fruits of Russia's underlying faith is the story. Both were about to hear from a prolific founding fathers biographer Carlo Giles on Barlow's New York Times best-selling author of 28 books including Dr. Benjamin Rush, founding father, you nation is also former distinguished visiting fellow in American history.

George Washington, let's take a listen. Dr. Benjamin Rush was one of the most port of our founding fathers. In many ways the most important George Washington was unquestionably the father of our political and military structure. Alexander Hamilton fathered our economic structure, but it was Dr. Benjamin Rush who fathered our social structure.

He was the only doctor with a medical school degree who signed the Declaration of Independence and was at signature. It began a lifelong struggle for abolition of slavery for women's rights forbade on child labor. He fought for establishment of universal free public education was first to advocate temperate use of alcohol and opposed tobacco use.

He demanded that other doctors treat the poor as well as the rich African-Americans as well as whites, doctors would treat African-Americans.

He found it to great schools of higher education in Pennsylvania. Dickinson University in Carlisle and Franklin College, now known as) and Marshall College saved his alma mater, Princeton College from oblivion.

After British troops burned it down just after the young doctor rush one appointment to Philadelphia Hospital was called that they discovered basement filled starving human banks chained to walls lying in their own selves, moaning and groaning somewhat infected storage.

Rush stormed into the hospital, doctors office and demanded their release and transferred to clean hospital rooms great to take personal custody of and to care for and then forced the hospital board eventually to add a window. The hospital to house little by little he saw most of them improved dramatically as he talked to them listen to what they had to say learn their interests and introduced a range of recreational activities, arts, crafts, and what we now call physical therapy and occupational therapy in listening to them.

He developed treatment. He called talk therapy works but we now call psychotherapy that led to the release of the majority of them into civilian life. It was it was a miracle, a revolution in the treatment of the mentally ill, which has not changed since the beginnings of civilization, and this was 50 years before Sigmund Freud was even born.

Dr. Benjamin Rush, Sigmund Freud discovered psychotherapy and other therapies for mentally ill century before Freud started writing about psychoanalysis the American psychiatric Association recognized Russians great achievements by putting his image on their official seal and designating him father of American psychiatry that Russia's deep concern for the human condition included an equally deep love of individual liberty, which is why he served in the second Continental Congress and signed the Declaration of Independence, but he was not interested in a career in politics. He loved being a doctor treating and curing the ill and he wanted to heal the injured and cure the sick.

So after signing the Declaration of Independence. He galloped out of Philadelphia and John George Washington on the banks of the Delaware office in Trenton, New Jersey on Christmas night. 1776 washing Army staged one of the most daring attacks in the Revolutionary war road across the Delaware River through a driving snowstorm and overwhelmed the garrison of a thousand Hessian soldiers on as Hessian defendants fired back some of their bullets inevitably hit their marks.

One man unarmed Rush into battle not to fire a shot to stem the bleeding. Kneeling over the fallen Dr. Benjamin Rush tried something no doctor had ever done before.

Prevent death on the battlefield until then armies routinely left their wounded 2.everywhere in the world. Soldier could not run walk lamp will crawl off the battlefield, he was left to die. There were no doctors around to help. And there really was no choice. There was no such thing as an antiseptic. The vast majority of the badly injured in peace as well as war died from blood poisoning, septicemia.

There was nothing anyone could do troops couldn't help doctors or priests could do nothing except credit and that seldom saved many lives. At least here on earth for Dr. Benjamin Rush. However, it seemed to seem to let men die fighting and bleeding for his country. After fighting ended at Trenton demand Washington set up field hospitals of the sort. Washington commandeered nearby houses and Rush use them as field hospitals to form what would later become the Army medical Corps first such core in the world.

Rush didn't save many of the wounded course, there was no way could medicine medical care were still too primitive. Anastasia, antiseptics, antibiotics, none of those suggested when he went to work trying to save a soldiers life when he had to amputate a soldiers lamb. He fed the patient whiskey or rum told him to fight on a piece of wood as hard as a card while Rush went to work with a scalpel, but in a minute or two. Most soldiers passed out and infections would later tell at least two thirds of them within a few days, but in listening to this. Remember that Anastasia didn't exist. The hollowpoint needle they want to vent until 1850 stethoscope blood transfusion.

Even simple aspirin. All of these things were 50 to 100 years in the future when Rush walked out of that battlefield in Trenton, hospitals like battlefield hospitals, workplaces where the badly injured or sick went to die and go to hospital to have them save your life if you were sick and stayed home use worthless home remedies. Dr. Benjamin Rush only started the scientific revolution in medicine and did not live long enough to see any substantial progress in healthcare, but it could and did begin the job and because of his status in Philadelphia subsided he did live to see some of the results of his pioneering efforts Philadelphia at the time was America's political, cultural and economic center and signers of the Declaration of Independence were America's richest, most powerful man Rush was not born to Wells, a farmer's son. He was superbly well educated Princeton University of Edinburgh medical school, which was the best medical school in the world at the time he finished his studies in London were Benjamin Franklin introduced him to England's most distinguished thinkers and scientists about treated Philadelphia's rich and famous. He spent most of his time treating the poor. Even African-Americans first Caucasian doctor in America to do some and you're listening to Harlow Giles Unger tell the story of Dr. Benjamin Rush, and I thought I knew quite a bit about rush but that medical unit in his invention of the idea of a medical Corps. I had no idea this was his way of volunteering in our fight against the British revolutionary on so many fronts in the abolition movement woman suffrage, and more. This remarkable story when they're not teaching her certain in schools across this country. The story of Dr. Benjamin Rush continues here on our American stores suit millions will make Medicare coverage decisions for next year and United healthcare can help you feel confident about your choices for those eligible Medicare annual enrollment runs from October 15 through December 7.

If you're working past age 65. You might be able to delay Medicare enrollment. Depending on your employer coverage. It can seem confusing, but it doesn't have to be this@uhcmedicarehealthplans.com to learn more United healthcare helping people live healthier lives. I know everything there is to know about running a coffee shop for small business insurance. I need my State Farm agent make sure my business days piping hot equal and competent business owners to help you best. State Farm is in your corner and on my neighbor.

There call your local State Farm agent for quote today doing household chores can Artie be time-consuming and tedious.

And there's nothing more daunting than facing piles and piles of laundry that need to be done can be overwhelming for anyone. If you want to get those larger laundry loads down right and get back to your life.

Try all free clear maggot packs all three clear mega packs are bigger packs two times the cleaning ingredients compared to a regular pack so that you can tackle any laundry load without the worry, all free, clear, mega packs are also 100% free of perfumes and dyes and their dental and skin which is great for any family sensitive skin needs my family. We definitely have sentence again the next time the whole family gets home from long vacation or you get the kids back from summer camp or whatever the situation is. That's because this big pile of dirty clothes all free clear maggot packs have your back purchase all free, clear mega packs today and conquer any laundry load for all fabric types and we continue with our American stories author Harlow Giles Unger and he has written a terrific book about the life of Benjamin Rush. Call Dr. Benjamin Rush, the founding father who healed wounded nation. Let's pick up when we last left off doctors, North, South, East and West refused even to consider treating African-Americans at the time, nor did many of them consider treating the poor. The poor in cities at least want dirty that smelled. He couldn't read or write songs they lived in had no water, no sores. Conditions were horrible in the slums of America's cities. No one who called himself Dr. even quacks willingly set foot in the slums wanted anything to do with those who lived there except Dr. Benjamin Rush listen to Rush as she describes his daily rounds life constant labor. I let out a life in which my shop was crowded with the poor in the morning and at mealtimes and I visited nearly every street, alley in the city every day, often have I ascended the upper story of huts by a ladder. I had to sit on that there were no chairs.

I risk not only taking their disease, but being infected by vermin. I seldom went to bed before 12 o'clock again. Those are the words of Dr. Benjamin Rush when he was not treating patients so he called the Pennsylvania State assembly demanding social reforms and directly or indirectly, and improving the health of the city's population. Every social advance that he demanded was tied to helps, it was the first to call for public sanitation.

He wanted to sweep away the garbage, the sewerage and stagnant water, all of which he believed promoted disease, but science being what it was he had no way of proving it and had to struggle with Recalcitrant city and state officials to get them to hire street cleaners and the way he convinced them was that by telling them how dirty the city was show them how they and the city in the state would profit economically by cleaning the streets. He championed abolition of slavery as president of the abolition's subsided, he naturally decried the cruelties of slavery, but the only way he could convince Pennsylvania legislators to abolish slavery was to show them how the state would benefit economically by freeing African-Americans to make greater contributions to society. In 1780. He succeeded in the Pennsylvania assembly passed the first state law in America banning slavery but Rush didn't stop there. He was distressed by the condition of free blocks in Philadelphia. He walked directly into their midst to treat them and their children medically.

He was the first white doctor in America to do so after winning their trust urged them to build their own African-American church.

The first such church in America not only raised funds to build a church. He joined its parishioners at its dedication people not realize the founding fathers did not invent slavery when they were born, the slaves were already on the land, almost a century. Actually, Virginia tobacco growers right plantation owners at the turn of the 18th century early 1700s petitioned Queen and to stop sending slaves. There the slave population in the so-called sugar islands at the time in the Caribbean had grown so large that that they just couldn't job anymore slaves, but slavery slave trade had become a huge portion of the British government's income, so they just arbitrarily started dumping slaves off the ships in Virginia for the plantation owners and they didn't want to make petitioned Queen and not send anymore slaves number one, they were illiterate number two and I couldn't speak English and number three tobacco planting picking and harvesting and curing is a skill tray. It takes a lot of knowledge to do that carefully and do it properly.

Queen and would listen. She needed those revenues so she just kept sending spaceships over here that generation.connotation owner died, another generation grew up and died and now we get to the generation of our founding fathers. Jefferson, Washington, and the others and their barn on Lyons in which bylaw by British laws and subsequently early American laws. Slaves were not human beings.

They were property and they were as much a part of each property as they were as trees and did not have the right, you could go to jail if you treat your slaves. So it wasn't until they were in their adult years that men like Washington. Quite a few others saw cruelty of slavery and immorality of all the evils of slavery and try to figure out a way around the law.

Well, they didn't have control of the majorities in the state assemblies, but I couldn't do anything under British law. After the revolution.

They had a form of government. First well during the Confederation. Each state was independent from the others. That lasted until 1789. Now you have the federal government that other things to do and how to set up a executive branch set up judiciary that took years. Meanwhile, people like Washington were looking into the law and they found a way around the law only way around it was in your last will and testament that superseded the law. The written law of every state.

And that's why Washington and spouse Martha freed emancipated slaves under Washington's will and Richard Henry Lee many many southern leaders did the same thing and that's all they could do under the law. At that time. Time there was an army of quacks calling themselves doctors rode into every town and village across America selling patent medicines. All of them were nothing more than fruit flavored whiskey or rum cured patients by rending rendering them senselessly drop and oblivious to their illnesses or injuries you charge them with telling their patients rather than curing. He called for a law restricting the use of the title Dr. to graduates of recognized medical schools or to those who had served apprenticeships, which is common in those days apprenticeships with other doctors and you're listening to Harlow Giles Unger is the author of Dr. Benjamin Rush, the founding father you a wounded nation is also a former distinguished visiting fellow in American history. George Washington's Mount Vernon if you're ever in Washington DC. Give yourself an extra day and 1/2 go to Mount Vernon and then go to monthly a and two course Jefferson so Monticello in Charlottesville is about an hour and 1/2 to self and you'll see the residences of these great founders. The beautiful field trip for family going through the beautiful mountain country of Virginia and throughout Vermont County itself which is one of the most beautiful counties in the country story of Dr. Benjamin Rush in my goodness what a beauty continues here on our American store millions will make Medicare coverage decisions for next year and United healthcare can help you feel confident about your choices for those eligible Medicare annual enrollment runs from October 15 through December 7. If you're working past age 65.

You might be able to delay Medicare enrollment. Depending on your employer coverage. It can seem confusing, but it doesn't have to be this@uhcmedicarehealthplans.com to learn more United healthcare helping people live healthier lives. I know everything there is to know about running a coffee shop for small business insurance. I need my State Farm agent make sure my business days equal incompetent business owners to help you best.

State Farm is in your corner and on neighbor. There call your local State Farm agent for quote today doing household chores can Artie be time-consuming and tedious. And there's nothing more daunting than facing piles and piles of laundry that need to be done can be overwhelming for anyone. If you want to get those larger laundry loads down right and get back to your life. Try all three clear mega packs all three clear mega packs are bigger packs two times the cleaning ingredients compared to a regular pack so that you can tackle any laundry load without the worry all three clear mega packs are also 100% free of perfumes and dyes and their dental and skin which is great for any family sensitive skin needs my family. We definitely have sentence again the next time the whole family gets home from long vacation or you get the kids back from summer camp or whatever the situation is. That's because this big pile of dirty clothes. All three clear mega packs purchase all three clear mega packs today and conquer any laundry load for all fabric types and we continue with our American stories and with Harlow Giles Unger as he continues to impact story of founding father, Dr. Benjamin Rush in his reforms and accomplishments in the medical industry but continue with Harlow on the road first code of ethics for doctors, which was still in effect in America until the second and he wrote an even more important work called medical inquiries and observations upon the diseases of the mind. It was the first English language work written on psychiatry became the basic textbook for studies in psychiatry in America for the next century until the beginning of the 20th century that work was so remarkable that as I said before, the American psychiatric Association put his image on its official seal and placed a bronze plaque on his grave declaring him father of American psychiatry. To this day I don't know why the world celebrates Freud instead of Dr. Benjamin Rush. I did mention that he was a great teacher, professor of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania medical school and a professor of chemistry. He wrote the first American chemistry book trained more than 3000 doctors real doctors with MD degrees and there's still more. I told you he was father of American psychiatry, but I didn't tell you that he was also father often and you'll never guess this father of American veterinary medicine 1807 he delivered a lecture then published a pamphlet on the medical care of domestic animals. It was the first such work ever published in America. The idea came to him years earlier after it finishes medical studies in England. He went to Paris and it was in Paris, said he visited what was then world's first school of veterinary medicine and had been founded to combat a cattle plague, but it's efforts eventually improve the quality of animal life, so much the farmer revenues began shooting up in 1795 Rush went to Washington, who was a great farmer).

When the farmer but he was a brilliant scientist and formed a group of others to form a society to promote the development of veterinary medicine in America with Rush writing a pamphlet citing the benefits of veterinary medicine to farmers and to the nation at this time. 95% of Americans lived or worked on farms.

Why doesn't America celebrate this great founding father America done really celebrate any founding fathers anymore memories of both Washington and Lincoln have been subsumed by shopping on what's now called Presidents' Day noise both. But to answer my own question about Rush sainthood apart from the fact that few Americans study or learn any American history anymore.

The fact is that Dr. Benjamin Rush, America's greatest physician at the time of the revolution. The father of modern American medical practice new next to nothing about treating the sick knowing that no one did. Anyone in the world. Nobody knew how to treat sick for centuries from the time of ancient Greece, doctors, and almost everyone else on earth believed that all human illnesses resulted from poisons traveled in the air and collected in body fluids in the blood and in the gastrointestinal tract and the remedy seemed simple, drain the body of its poisons by draining as much as possible of its fluids in your get rid of the illness, emptying the duct was simple with laxatives. Rush concocted a laxative that became known as thunderbolts. You can use your imagination as to why after emptying the gut that left the vascular system but couldn't people's blood without telling MD that's exactly what happened in George Washington at his insistence, he made the doctors keep leaving him to cure. He had a throat infection to cure his infection and then he finally got the gist like him to death Russian. Most doctors were sensible enough to limit bleeding to between one and 2 pints a day, about 10 to 20% of patients reservoir but that's usually not enough to send the patient in shock but it is enough to make the patient feel lightheaded and less aware that pain and discomfort and they felt that way especially so when a founding father, Dr. Benjamin Rush inspired all his patients when he promised them they'd feel better tomorrow but bleeding had no effect at all on them underlying interest in 24 hours. The body itself replace the blood lost in many patients went on to dive the real disease in August and September 1793 worst yellow fever epidemic in American history crushed Philadelphia claimed more than 5000 people's lives more than 10% of the population of the city only rush and for other great physician remain most people slip only rush and for other physicians remains strict purge and bleed treatments that accomplish nothing of the Russian other doctors believed they saved many lives. Those who survived purge and bleed treatments. It would have survived the disease without bleeding or purging or the yellow fever to begin with and they simply got better. So many people died. However, that critics feel them other doctors from other cities assailed rush one critic of this British journalist to hated all things American and had no knowledge of science or medicine. He called rush of butcher until in the newspaper published for the first time in his life. The radiant rain light seem to harbor love Russian sainted head again for the first time in his life. He seemed more so stunned by the attacks by this journal that she went into court and sue Joe's for libel. Although he won the case.

His appearance in a court of public airing of such vile epithets butcher reach others even binding on journalist tarnish the Rush name and left him somewhat broken celebrated throughout his life as one whom God placed on earth to heal the sick Rush now left courtroom $5000 richer, but deeply wounded. He gave his order charity, and in 1800 closed his medical practice retreated to his country home to update earlier editions of his various books published works never practice medicine again.

He died in 1813, and lies in Philadelphia's Christ Church burial ground near his dear friend Benjamin Franklin, but without that flame of same. That illuminates Franklin's grave rush deserves more.

Thomas Jefferson said the new no one among the founding fathers more benevolent.

These are Jefferson's words, no one more benevolent, more learned a finer genius, or more on this in Dr. Benjamin Rush, John Adams agreed.

He said that as a man of science, letters, taste, sense, patriotism, morality taken altogether, Rush has not left his equal. In America, or the world.

I agree hope my book give this great American patriot Dr. Benjamin Rush, the recognition he so deserves an great job as always by Greg Engler, getting us the story and producing it. Special thanks to Harlan Giles under in his book is Dr. Benjamin Rush, founding father, who healed wounded nation, and what a story the father of modern-day psychiatry. The only MD signed the declaration he started.

Essentially, the Army medical Corps and also in the end brought veterinary medicine America and the improvement in the end of our agricultural economy. By the way was very wise and the sellers that is a benefit of public benefit the public good and very wise to do that as well and have a treat for and sanitary concerns of the first people in this country think about public sanitation and all of this kind of storytelling always is available here on out American stories is what we do folks bring stories like Dr. Benjamin Rush, do you with unapologetic pride here on out millions will make Medicare coverage decisions for next year and United healthcare can help you feel confident about your choices for those eligible Medicare annual enrollment runs from October 15 through December 7. If you're working past age 65. You might be able to delay Medicare enrollment. Depending on your employer coverage. It can seem confusing, but it doesn't have to be this@uhcmedicarehealthplans.com to learn more United healthcare helping people live healthier lives, we know me from the recap on LA TB abdominal podcast life as a going to come at you every Tuesday and Thursday will be talking real and unapologetic about all things light and culture and everything in between. From someone who's never quite listen to life as a gringo on the iHeartRadio app or web you get a podcast brought to you by State Farm like a good neighbor, State Farm is there a Manet and Rick Schwartz were here for the San Diego zoo wildlife alliance where the host of amazing wildlife self iHeartRadio that deep dives into the fascinating world of the animal kingdom and our conservation efforts through scenic as the partnership so Rick I cannot tell the difference between a leopard and Jaguar.

What part well I'm glad you asked.

Honestly, it is challenging to be able to tell them apart get a glance, especially if you want to really get good to go.

Spotting the difference between a leopard and Jaguar. Remember those cluster of spots leopards have all episodes of amazing wildlife are available to stream now iHeartRadio at Apple podcast or where ever you get your podcast