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Learn more@edwardjones.com Jane bowling and this is morning feeling particularly well rested today.

After all, most of us had an extra hour to sleep so we still yawning when we walk into the kitchen. It turns out that yawning is universal. We all do it. Why a cosmic question that our faith Salie will set out to answer just watch this and this and this and try not on when people yawn and classrooms are in front of other people. It actually represents an attempt for them to maintain attention and focus and indicates that there actually paying attention to coming up on Sunday morning. We learn why we and almost all other vertebrates. Yawn.

A century ago Polly Adler was more famous, or should we say infamous women in America. Her house of ill repute had a Who's Who of clients. Everyone from gangsters to celebrities.

John Dickerson looks back on the life of a notorious New York madam was the party girl turned professional madam's little black book contained some very big names. One of the most famous near politicians ever was FDR and Polly claimed that FDR was a client that was a real shock to me the night at Polly's place ahead on Sunday morning after Benedict Cumberbatch has portrayed plenty of heroic characters on film from Sherlock Holmes to Dr. strange thought as he tells Tracy Smith. His latest role is a departure, even for him. 25 years is our first run for his new movie the power of the dog after Benedict Cumberbatch wanted to be convincing as a 1920s cowboy so he immersed himself in everything except soap and water and did you fully embrace it and that you did not shower the whole shoot, but would be covered dangerous for you whistle Cumberbatch and the smell of success later on Sunday morning but Tracy looks into an ancient material that could power the future.

Jim Axelrod has the play-by-play on the extraordinary TV career Bob Kostas Lee Cowan tells us about an important advance in conquering depression, plus a historic night at the Opera and more on this Sunday morning for 7 November 2021 will be back in a moment. Depression is our leading disability affecting some 300 million people worldwide and at least half of those people can't find lasting relief with medication.

Lee Cowan examines a new treatment that could be a breakthrough in her garden outside San Francisco dearly tries to keep her demons at bay. Technically bipolar for most of her life. Medication and therapy of help keep her depression under control. Episodes of a quiet time with the disease doesn't appear, but when he does appear for Deirdre. It's like tumbling headfirst into depression the deepest of bits.

I just drop off a cliff.

Clark husband says the scariest episodes came back in 2018. It wasn't just the press was suicidal in the matter of hours as a cargo. I got the chatter starting and fillets coming.

This negative chatter about New Orleans, love me. I'm ugly on burden, no one would miss me if I killed myself chatter was telling me this Clark kid's who Stu you finally told my family and then as each of them called. I said goodbye. I went in time.

This is a brain emergency right and we need to meet this with a really significant intervention. She was referred to Dr. Nolan Williams director Stanford University's brain stimulation left in Palo Alto, California, is running the truck for an experimental treatment using targeted magnetic stimulation is called St. that stands for Stanford accelerated intelligent neuromodulation therapy were treated like a brain disease refining the spot to stimulate the brain back into for not being suicidal about being depressed can see the progress in photos of Deirdre's first sink treatments just days after the suicidal crisis began.

She went from a blank stare the evening to actually smile all in one day. I had no chatter within 24 hours used totally normal were surprised. Initially I couldn't believe it about at some point struck me that we found something that was really really important.

The American Journal of psychiatry just published the findings of things latest clinical trial almost 80% of the studies participants saw their severe depression go into remission with you.. You feel that your spotlight in your life how long we live in that way it's been 21 of Dr. Williams as first patients was 83-year-old Merle back tried everything to relieve her depression.

How many different kinds of treatments were you meds for more fingers in your hand. She's a therapist yourself, specializing in depression so she knows what she's talking about. Most people with a history of depression, particularly serious depression feel a sense of shame. This is something very deep inside a heaviness in your body, you're in a tunnel and there's no way out. Her husband Bill has been by your side for 41 you seen firsthand how St. makes Merle feel more in control. St. builds on existing therapies for depression called transcranial magnetic stimulation for TMS, but uses a target and fast acting approach Dr. Williams uses an MRI to pinpoint the exact spot enrolls brain that is underactive in her depression and stimulate with a magnetic coil were trying to up regular buff up the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex back to its normal state, so it has a sense of control, for we are basically doing is towing with turn that off yet. The trip saints magnetic pulses are said to replicate the way the brain communicates with itself and repetition of those pulses essentially teaches the brain. How to maintain its balance and all of a sudden they're looking you in the eyes are smiling more spontaneously and then by the end of the week they are telling you they feel totally well in and back to their normal self.

It can be exhausting and it's really a one time thing was been doing maintenance treatment periodically for the last 40 go good so far no serious side effects.

Third, today was like that you feel better now.

There are two larger trials of St. underway, funded by the National Institutes of Health, including one that is testing St. in a hospital setting during a brain emergency like a suicidal episode essentially are under observation.

The trip there under observation and the scary statistic is the highest likelihood of a subsequent suicide attempt or completion is in those months after the discharge. Dr. William C St. is something that hospitals could use almost a fast acting antidepressant to stabilize suicidal patient may, after a week of intensive treatments leave the hospital feeling safe. It really changes not just numbers on a page, but what people's perspective about their life for adult turnaround say you know what I I feel totally differently about my depression I'm empowered Deirdre Lehman's perspective became bright again. She went back to school to finish her college degree to feel depressed anymore model not at all. Not all this intervention is something that is showing them that that's really their brand of thought something about you them personally that that deep self but it's really a brain disease that that we can we can identify them and really treatment move from a backer it's given her something she hasn't had one hope hope hope.

I hope they hunger me out there watching this recently, the FDA gauge St. breakthrough status means it one step closer to becoming available to where you see this treatment going five, 10 years, it will change the world's game changer. Researchers generally don't like to go too far out on the game changer limb, but Dr. Nolan Williams hopes he's inching closer every day. It feels like it could be. It's at a point now where I think we have enough data to say it real. You know, and for those what we've seen another folks hands very well could be Pres. Biden says he wants the cars made in this country to be fully or partly electric by the end of the decade millions of cars, trucks and SUVs, all powered by lithium ion batteries. Then Tracy tells us more about lithium. The new oil in the mountains of northern Nevada.

The fuel of the future lies in the shadow of the past. This is gorgeous and it's crazy to think that 16 million years ago.

This was the site of a giant volcanic eruption. These area is called back or pass volcanologist Tom Benson has been searching the world for places just like it. He says eruption here millions of years ago left behind the keys to unlock the electric vehicle revolution. It's called lithium the lightest solid element on that chart. Most of us only periodically remember from high school chemistry. Rechargeable batteries are what our cell phones, computers, even toothbrushes and are now the fuel for all those electric vehicles starting to roll off the assembly line. What's the connection between volcanoes pretty much all lithium comes from volcanoes in the coming years when people are driving their electric cars down the road. There's a good chance that with even at battery will come from here. Yes that's that's the hope Benson works for lithium, America's mining company that owns the rights to Thacker pass the largest known lithium deposit in the United States. The company expects to potentially extract the thousand tons of lithium a year. That's enough to power about a million vehicle none of this looks particularly high tech, Jonathan Evans is presently to the company that's really what it a battery. Without it, batteries, work with automakers pledging to soon make most of their vehicles electric lithium demand is expected to increase is much is 10 fold in the next decade.

Right now most of it is mined in Chile and Australia and almost all of it is processed in China. The United States has just one lithium producing mine in southern Nevada providing less than 2% of world supply.

Is it an option for the US not to be in this field and to let other countries supply.

I think the answer is no. We have a lot of competitors in the world that it will do something about it. Others you will be happy to.

And one of those countries is Chuck this far behind, or we years, decades, the future history is no turning back. Jumpstarting the switch to EV's is keen to Pres. Biden's plan to cut US greenhouse gas emissions in half 2030 to slow climate change.

The department of energy and for lithium battery. It says, relying on other countries creates a strategic vulnerability for the US economy we are right to the beginning and therefore what's ahead of us. Ellen Swan is president of Panasonic energy with America 2170. He runs the largest lithium-ion battery factory world just outside Reno, Nevada billion batteries, all of them just one electric car maker Tesla you guys ever shut down. The batteries are made on the Panasonic side of his massive facility known as the Tesla giga factory and then these robots humming along to the theme from the super Mario Brothers videogame drive them to the test side. They are put aside the car. What do we as a country need to do or what companies need to meet this demand, we don't have a supply-chain United States with the work, the right to vote in America was to be really powerful seem were battery factories like this all over the country, yet fundamentally estimating its own even touch the bottom of the bottle.

At this point so there's a long way to go. Those factories will need a lot of lithium's huge variety of things that could be cell phone batteries laptop batteries, which is why GB stronghold, the CEO of Redwood materials and a former Tesla executive says all those lithium batteries need to be recycled. The sheer number of batteries and the sheer number of vehicles is massive. So if there is no scaling ahead of time and no solution ready if it could become a big challenge. Trucks arrive. It is closest to the warehouse with boxes of old batteries electric cars, power tools, these companies partnering with Ford to help turn old batteries did new ones for just announced plans to build two massive battery manufacturing plants in the US. I think recycling the battery is as amongst materials for coming at us and we don't really have a choice of no should we or should we not recycle it. Lithium is now so valuable it's cold white gold is believed to be billions of dollars worth of it here at Thacker pass alone and while it may be essential to a greener future. Getting out of the ground comes with its own environmental cost. They claim that this would be a green line is extremely dangerous.

Max will purchase part of a group of protesters.

This is our Been camping out in the Thacker pass mine site since January. He says lithium is not the silver bullet. Many believe it to be because of the impact of mining on the land and the large amounts of wastewater created by lithium extraction before trying to move away from fossil fuels is the environmental impact a site like this the lesser of two evils. You know that's a really good question, but I think the problem is, that's the wrong framing global warming is a huge problem in its attempt to save the planet from climate change. People are actually believing that we can save the planet by destroying lithium, America's admits there will be environmental impacts claims new mining technology lead to less damage.

The company plans to begin its operation next year intentionally creating a lithium Boomtown in nearby Winnemucca Nevada believe in climate change. If you are worried about competitiveness. If were worried about jobs being lost assets like this development like this in the US is necessary. This is intelligence matters with former acting Dir. of the CIA. Michael Morel bridge Colby is cofounder and principal of the Marathon initiative project focused on developing strategies to prepare the United States for an era of sustained great power competition states put our mind to something, we can usually figure it out what people are saying and what we can know analytically and empirically as our strategic situation or motor situations not being matched up with follow. Intelligence matters were ever you get your podcasts is extremely well designed machine problem is that when using men to try to be sent a new machine can defeat another machine.

It's Sunday morning on CBS and here again is Jane probably is a sleuth scientist and a superhero, Benedict Cumberbatch's latest role required a brand-new skill set. He's in conversation with our Tracy Smith 25 years since our first run together 1900 and long time Netflix film the power of the dog, Benedict Cumberbatch is a cowboy in 1920s Montana who can ride rope and roll a smoke with the best of wonder what little lady maybes actually my mother was a florist so I made them look like the ones in our garden will justice as possible is also world-class bully seemed to take delight in tormenting some of those around him jam… That really is for wind drinks, got the boys only for the movie is both a searing psychological drama and tension on toxic masculinity on the set and with director Jane Campion's encouragement. Cumberbatch also dug deep into what it meant to be a real working cowboy and did you fully embrace it and that you did not shower the whole shoot that would be dangerous by 440. We can a bit of the beginning of the shoots for more than a week. That's quite something in the 21st century to just wash you had to learn so many different skill on personal skills on the record.

The 45-year-old actor cleans up pretty well. You whistle I Connie says a breath and there's talk. You might also clean up that next year's Oscars is no surprise to anyone who seen him on screen, big or small. This is how the wider world came to know Benedict Cumberbatch.

The 2010 BBC series Sherlock went from working actor to famous actor in a span of what 90 minutes later it was like a soda 12 success in the but it seems that he'd been waiting for it all his life.

Born to a pair of working actors young Benedict considered law school for a moment before following his parents onto the stage very securing bring me every opportunity with my education with me through love and little resources to give me the choice to do anything, to do something a little bit more secure, less peripatetic ally through Christ by becoming managed to make them proud and they let him know it early on with this woman with dark place.

That's a go shows you better this than I ever will. I support you see such a huge thing from Cyprus on parents or to any child and just to give the level of blessing that Aeschylus love float me undone that in making both of them properties. Such ingredients will I'm designing machine to break every message every day, instantly Cumberbatch got an Oscar nod for the imitation gain as the British mathematician who helped crack the Nazi secret code. Lately he's been playing a different kind of hero in the marvels universe Dr. Seuss French apprehensive just coming from working actors and theater were you at all apprehensive about taking on a marble role… Just it's your dream box office not at all. I still I still think it needs integrity means someone needs someone to be fully invested in trying to make a piece of make-believe Avenue here and no storytelling. What is it expanded his retelling powers with the production company needed this year's film about a Victorian artist who paints As the father of three small children with wife Sophie Hunter is more selective about what he takes on a life nothing quite like life, which is here still offers me a great deal of life experience and opportunity with children compares very very worthwhile for me to place out here course and acting life.

The most worthwhile ventures are often the tough playing a cruel cowboy was both a physical and emotional hill to climb. But, Benedict Cumberbatch sees all of it as a gift that you do what you do you love doing for living is just I stupid myself about the interpretations because of her become smooth floor office, but it's the truth. It's like it is working when an amazing way to live a life 20s time in American history. Perhaps best remembered for its music, dance, nightlife, and something else. John Dickerson takes us back in time during the roaring 20s F. Scott Fitzgerald said the word jazz went from first meeting six then dancing and then music you can get all three New York Mountain probably were six dancing and music was also the order of priority patrons is the subject of Mme. Michael it's a prize-winning author Debbie Applegate biography that is also a story of America bursting into the modern age with new roles for women couples and parties that slowed down the hall. Adler arrived from Russia at age 13, and got her American start sweatshop. Give me a sense of factory life using a rather dark places a lot of things.

She quickly realizes that she has no control over the rest of her life, but she has control of her free time.

So she starts going to the dance halls.

She also goes to Coney Island. She adores the island definitely teaches people the idea that you can just meet strangers. The boy will pay for okay yeah ride the dance hall. The expectation was that there would be at least some sort of romantic prospects and sometimes a lot more on one such Coney Island date. Adler says she was raped by the foreman at her factory traumatized and later pushed out of her cousin's home where she had been living probably makes a choice there's really one way that people sex trades and that is when you look at how much money you can make compared to your current situation starts to look like a sinus self-respect that I'm going to take care of myself and Polly said I could hardly have picked a better age in which to be a madam, the sex trade.

Just as probation is getting started foundation is one of the greatest examples of unintended consequences in American history. So all of a sudden you get rid his secrets.

You write that even if you just want to get a beer you had to suddenly rub elbows with somebody was a criminal all of a sudden spent time next gun con man but now you're sitting next to Lucky Luciano and Keith guy providing the broader culture changed.

It was the bees knees for flappers with their jellybeans on their arms to get some juice at parties, which made it a short worldly Polly Polly and most of her peers was that she was young fresh. She was on the generation so she updated the oldest profession in the world to the jazz that's right one of her first thing to try to broaden her reputation was go to nightclubs with a full bevy of her prettiest girls in tell and they would go from nightclub to nightclub as a certain billboard.

She even had her own business card. Just who was calling between her run from 1922, just after World War II. Her clients, Applegate says included comedians like the Marx Brothers well-known bandleaders best documented of all her famous clients is Desi Arnett's sports figures.

One of her more famous clients was Joe DiMaggio, who by all rumor did not like her satin sheets because his knees kept slipping says she was sent out for playing cotton sheets for gelatin. Joe and crooners like old blue eyes himself thanks and I trust was a well-known womanizer, well-known user prostitutes and pulleys you could find the writers who built the New Yorker, tycoons, and lots of politicians often doing deals with the gangsters.

One of the most famous politicians ever was FDR and Polly claim that FDR was a client that was a real shock to me. I will say upfront that I was never able to prove that I have circumstantial and to suggest that that was perfectly possible and maybe even likely. There was this code allowed man of that class to have these relationships under wraps. So it's not implausible. Roosevelt was well known for loving stag parties and as you point out that parties at the time they didn't just play pinochle exactly if that information coming out I think will quite likely, certainly, but Polly didn't. What she heard or saw and for the most part she knew how to pay off the right people though on occasion. The vice cops would drag her to the woman's courthouse anyway so at her height. How many people did she have on the take, how many people she had to pay off. She could never even say how much they were thousands and thousands of dollars every month. No doubt about it. She would say as much of maybe $50,000 a year and a bad year of the cost of overhead that is the cost of overhead on top of everything else, the condoms, the towels, laundry was said to have quipped it was a business doing pleasure with you, which makes it sound like everything in her life was just Jake. It wasn't her gangster pals filled the more girls were commodities we forget the dangers in romanticizing the Jazz age that tension between glamorizing the Jazz age and trying to describe its underbelly in realistic ways.

Spine the underside constantly away easy to forget watching old movies. One of those old movies house is not a whole was based on Adler's autobiography, which she wrote from retirement in Los Angeles in 1952. The book was a smash success in 1964 movie released two years after Adler's death was not made the woman once called New York's Empress of crime look like a den mother, the silver screen couldn't come close to the real thing is her story and American story very much. I mean she says I'm a classic American success story from five dollars a week to my first fur coat to my Park Avenue apartment to worldwide fame necessarily the best American success story, but it's certainly not out of the mainstream. It's a first for New York's Metropolitan Opera first for trumpeter and composer Terence Blanchard Sunday morning contributor wash you has their story. New York opened its season with production by jazz trumpeter and composer Terence Blanchard its interpretation of the memoir written by Sunday morning contributor Charles blow. He described his anguish growing up in small-town Louisiana in the 1970s and 80s. What drew you to Charles blow's story was the motion of being isolated in your own community. Blanchard began playing the trumpet when he was nine related to the feeling of having a kind of dual existence.

The street in which friends and being there to break away from the walk to the bus stop on Saturday. You know will you translate some of the feelings into music you have to love yourself to be vulnerable while I was working on learning moments in my solitude position to once was a boy to grace line is every time Terence Tolliver Blanchard was raised in New Orleans home was filled with opera. Your father was a huge opera fan. What what did opera represent sophistication price level for whenever there was masterpiece performance on PBS is a music waitress passion jazz.

Today's six-time Grammy winner and also to time. He's been working on movie soundtrack since the late 80s first trumpeter on films like do the right thing. How did you and Spike Lee begin working session 12 month spike will owe those for later just compose the scores for 15 of Spike Lee's movies.

When you feel like you were composer developments. It was the first time that I felt like I was motion to something that I was running amateurish amateurs right this ledger book from the early 1900s contains the Mets internal notations about Opera submissions on interest right not suitable for the metropolitan.

It's funny that they take themselves so seriously that he writes up Metropolitan each time, space is 130 years, America's leading opera house largest performing arts institution had never station opera black composer things that bring us together throw away all notions of bigotry and intolerance right so it breaks my heart to think that we still approached and was turned away. William Grant still known as the Dean of African-American composers submitted three operas over 20 year span in the 20s and 30s. What kind of opportunities existed for William Grant still the everything was measured by what is the place that makes the statement for the rest. These are all people whose works didn't make it that stage and Mrs. Horatio Parker, Mrs. Francis Thurber Rutter turtle Thomas when Grant still women, African-Americans, people wanted to perform. They saw this as the pinnacle and the commentaries are so dismissive, so dismissive getting there some racial component of this rejection is worship component is massage me all of these women that were rejected right but this time was the Chuck Blanchard called me up and said will this really does happen all son blows up and takes off like a freight train and performances of his opera quickly sold out this time it's time for us to move. No, nobody loves closets will listen, just as bird John Cole train.

The loan is but I'm not trying to be fine.

Sound from my generation is been praised as being unlike any other opera Blanchard. It was an opportunity to take risks in the opera since third grade field trip there times when my ears would catch up later. They did, they just sing the profanities expected nothing to cut the hopper bug working on another one will will in between you for listening. Please join us when our trumpet sounds again next Sunday morning with Gary this week.

Stephen Long live Mitch McConnell in one of Washington's biggest midterm monument list for me to Senate races you think Republicans have the best chance of taking a democratic seed with Nevada not Georgia. George is right up there, but New Hampshire's surprised New Hampshire people really just kind of don't like you have for more from this week's conversation followed the take out with Maj. Garrett on Apple podcasts or wherever you get your podcasts